{"id":2567,"date":"2019-09-03T16:39:58","date_gmt":"2019-09-03T16:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?page_id=2567"},"modified":"2020-08-12T21:47:53","modified_gmt":"2020-08-12T21:47:53","slug":"confiscated-universities-and-academic-firing-in-turkey","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?page_id=2567&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Confiscated Universities and Academic Firing in Turkey"},"content":{"rendered":"

Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n

Turkey has experienced a regime change, after a strange “coup attempt” on July 15th, 2016. Authoritarianism, which began about five years ago, evolved into the State of Emergency (OHAL) regime after this \u201cstrange coup attempt\u201d. The State of Emergency regime provides the government some extraordinary powers with the Decree-Law (Decree Law), but the Government has overused this authority by violating all custom and even the Constitutional Laws. On July 23rd, 2016, 15 non-profit universities were shut down with the Decree Law no. 667. All the employees of these universities ended up jobless, and became the target of witch hunting. With the Decree Law, the properties of the non-profit organizations and legal entities of these universities were eliminated. With the process initiated earlier, most of its founding members were imprisoned and their personal assets were confiscated. All of lands, buildings and belongings of these universities were also seized. All the employees of these universities lost their pensions and benefits. In total, 2808 faculty and over ten thousands administrative staff members in these universities were banned from working in the public sectors. Most of them had hard time finding job in the private sector due to the records in their social security systems. With the Decree Law their rights to dispute were prevented. Among them thousands were detained, arrested and imprisoned. Moreover, 64,533 students enrolled at these universities tried to transfer to other universities, many of them were forced to study in other fields and some suspended their education. After two years, the State of Emergency regime seemingly ended on paper, but it became permanent in practice as nothing has changed for these universities and their employees.<\/em><\/p>\n

Overview of aftermath of July 15th<\/sup>, 2016 Coup Attempt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Remarkable researches found out that the event on July 15th<\/sup>, 2016, which presented as “Military Coup Attempt”, was a \u201cFalse Flag Operation\u201d (FFO) organized jointly by some senior military people and intelligence units to guarantee Turkey’s President Erdogan’s dictatorial presidency.[1]<\/a><\/sup> In reality, the government aimed to suppress all the opponents using this \u201cfabricated failed coup\u201d.[2]<\/a><\/sup> Immediately after this \u201cstrange\u201d Coup Attempt, the Turkish Government declared a State of Emergency (OHAL), publicly declaring war on the G\u00fclen Movement (Hizmet Movement), which is accused of being a terrorist organization and blamed for the \u201cCoup Attempt\u201d. About two years before the declaration of the State of Emergency, the Government had started a detentions and arrests campaign against the G\u00fclen Movement. The detention campaign intensified in the first half of 2016. A collectively review of the process before the coup allegation and the practices after the \u201ccoup attempt\u201d clearly indicates this operation was a bespoke \u201cfake flag operation\u201d. So far, the Turkish Government has failed to provide convincing and solid evidence proving that the G\u00fclen Movement is the planner, brain or participant of the \u201cCoup Attempt\u201d. The Turkish authorities have also prevented the investigation of this tragic event; they still continue to do so. This report is a summary of the shutdown of fifteen non-profit universities and its consequences by the first statutory decree published soon after the declaration of the state of emergency.<\/p>\n

The Way to Shutting Down the Universities<\/strong><\/p>\n

In December of 2013, a \u201ccorruption and bribery scandal\u201d rocked Turkey. Immediately after this event an intense pressure emerged against some non-profit private universities. They were claimed to be affiliated with the G\u00fclen Movement, and the government started a smear campaign to close these higher education institutes. Majority of the ruling party leaders, some prosecutors, judges and governors tried to make their own careers by supporting such campaigns. During the last two and a half years, from the beginning of 2014 to the closure of the universities, countless unlawful and unscrupulous obstacles were put forward and unbelievable accusations were made against these institutions in pro-government media outlets. They attempted to stop education in these universities, and successfully achieved their goals in some places. For example, the modern and innovative campus building permit of S\u00fcleyman \u015eah University in Tuzla, Istanbul was cancelled by the ruling party municipality and education was stopped.[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Similar prohibitive and reactive practices were carried out by a number of state departments controlled by the government against all of the Gulen Movement affiliated universities. In pro-government media, these universities were constantly slandered and targeted.[4]<\/a><\/sup> Then a state-sponsored campaign started by Erdogan against these higher education institutes, which includes, but not limited to, calling families to take their children out of these schools, and transfer them to state schools. [5]<\/a>,<\/sup>[6]<\/a> <\/sup>Apparently, Erdogan and his allies\u2019 smear campaigns against these institutions failed, and they attempted to take more unethical and unlawful measures to close these universities.<\/p>\n

On December 11, 2015, the Council of Higher Education decided to close some non-profit university hospitals and canceled their licenses. The excuse was not providing education in these hospitals. In this context, 11 hospitals affiliated with Sifa University serving to the third largest city of Turkey, Izmir, were closed. The Council of Higher Education notified the university administrations through the police about this strange decision and the police closed the hospitals by force.[7]<\/a><\/sup> On December 24th<\/sup> of 2015, the Social Security Institution annulled the contracts of 21 the non-profit university hospitals in Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir unilaterally and decided not to reimburse the expenses of the patients receiving services from these hospitals. Among these hospitals were Turgut \u00d6zal University Hospitals in Ankara, Fatih University Medical Faculty Hospital in Istanbul, and Mevlana University Hospital in Konya. With this embargo, many non-profit university hospitals were unable to sustain their operations, and ended up their operations and shut downed. [8]<\/a>,<\/sup>[9]<\/a> <\/sup>The Rector of \u015eifa University and some of his administrative staff were detained, and some were arrested.[10]<\/a><\/sup> Similarly, in Konya, the building permit issued to Mevlana University Hospital long time ago was blocked by the municipality.[11]<\/a><\/sup> The former Rector of Mevlana University and other employees were detained and some were arrested later.[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

More than two years before the July 15th<\/sup> of 2016 coup attempt, they tried to seize the operations of these universities through the politically motivated court orders, and their board of trustees, rectors and some of their administrators were dismissed. On July 4th<\/sup> of 2016, a pro-government newspaper reported that the Board of Trustees of eight Gulen Movement affiliated foundation universities had been dismissed to the date and other eight universities are on the way. These universities were; Istanbul Fatih University, Konya Mevlana University, Kayseri Melik\u015fah University, Samsun Canik Basari University, Ipek and Turgut Ozal Universities in Ankara, Izmir \u015eifa University and Gaziantep Zirve University.[13]<\/a><\/sup> However, the dismissal of board of trustee members and replaced with pro-Erdogan administration trustees were not limited to these universities. The media reported that the new trustee boards were appointed to Bursa Orhangazi University on June 5th<\/sup> of 2016 and Diyarbak\u0131r Selahattin Eyy\u00fcbi University on June 15th<\/sup> of 2016.[14]<\/a><\/sup>[15]<\/a><\/sup> Briefly, way before, so called, “July 15 military coup attempt”, the Erdogan government had already taken action to seize or destroy these institutions.[16]<\/a>,<\/sup>[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Only two months before July 15th, 2016, the National Security Council held a meeting, chaired by Erdo\u011fan on May 26th<\/sup> of 2016. The Council accused of the G\u00fclen Movement as a \u201cparallel state structure and a terrorist organization\u201d. Erdo\u011fan pushed hard to make this approach the official view of the state, and made it through and announced to the public. Just soon after July 15th<\/sup> of 2016, many people who have had no unlawful action before labelled as terrorism without any evidence. Then they were accused of terrorist actions and started to get punished due to allegedly their linked to the G\u00fclen Movement. At the same time many educational institutions and organizations were seized by using the similar unfounded accusation.<\/p>\n

Institutions Seized by Decree-Laws<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fifteen universities, 35 private healthcare institutions (hospitals, outpatients clinics etc.) and organizations, 1043 private K-12 education institutions and dormitories, 1229 non-profit organizations, 19 unions and union confederations were unlawfully confiscated with an Emergency Statutory Decree (#667) issued on July 23rd<\/sup> 2016, with the accusation of their linked the G\u00fclen Movement, which was labelled as a terrorist organization by Erdogan administration.[18]<\/a><\/sup> All these universities, institutions, organizations etc. were established by different non-profit organizations. Each of these institutions was founded by a group of people, mostly businessmen, who are inspired by the teachings of the Turkish cleric and scholar Mr. Fettullah G\u00fclen. All the universities closed were well-operated higher education institutions having facilities, physical infrastructures, and missions at the international higher education standards. Moreover, these universities all had been approved by the Turkish National Assembly, and would annually be monitored and inspected even awarded by the governmental organizations including the Council of Higher Education. The accusation of the government to shut down these universities were security and terrorism concern, however there have been no evidence related to the security and terrorism in these educational institutions. All the properties of the affected non-profit organizations were transferred to the Directorate General of Foundations at no cost by the government. All the properties, health infrastructures and research centers of the higher education institutions were also handed over to the state treasury at no cost.<\/p>\n

The list of those universities:[19]<\/a>,<\/sup>[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

1. Fatih University (\u0130stanbul, Turkey)<\/p>\n

2. Mevlana University (Konya, Turkey)<\/p>\n

3. Ipek University (Ankara, Turkey)<\/p>\n

4. Bursa Orhangazi University (Bursa, Turkey)<\/p>\n

5. Canik Basari University (Samsun, Turkey)<\/p>\n

6. Selahaddin Eyyubi University (Diyarbakir, Turkey)<\/p>\n

7. Meliksah University (Kayseri, Turkey)<\/p>\n

8. Sifa University (\u0130zmir, Turkey)<\/p>\n

9. Turgut Ozal University (Ankara, Turkey)<\/p>\n

10. Zirve University (Gaziantep, Turkey)<\/p>\n

11. Gediz University (\u0130zmir, Turkey)<\/p>\n

12. S\u00fcleyman Sah University (\u0130stanbul, Turkey)<\/p>\n

13. Murat H\u00fcdavendigar University (Istanbul, Turkey)<\/p>\n

14. \u0130zmir University (Izmir, Turkey)<\/p>\n

15. Kanuni University (Adana, Turkey)<\/p>\n

Academic Firing: Victimized Academicians, Families and Students<\/strong><\/p>\n

According to Turkish Higher Council of Education, during the two years State of Emergency Period, 6021 academics were dismissed from state universities and 2808 were dismissed from the universities operated by non-profit organizations. These academicians lost their jobs and became unemployed, isolated and marginalized in public. At the same time thousands of these academics were detained, arrested and even punished with long prison times. During the shutdown procedures of the non-profit universities, the offices of faculty members were raided by the police force; their personal belongings were confiscated. Furthermore, after the seizure of these universities, the pensions of the dismissed academicians were all transferred to the state treasury department. Moreover, all academicians dismissed were labeled as \u201csuspicious people\u201d in the official records, and the government put a strong and unlawful pressure on all the private companies not to employ these people, practically leaves them doomed to starvation.[21]<\/a>,<\/sup>[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Suspensions and dismissals from state universities continue after the state of emergency. Thousands of academics dismissed had to leave the country due to various reasons including fear of arrest, fear of livelihood, and some security concerns. They could not leave the country legally as the government had revoked their passports. Some were caught and imprisoned while they were trying to escape the country.[23]<\/a><\/sup> The passports of nearly 200,000 people were canceled in different ways. Under these circumstances, people could only leave the country illegally and seek asylum in other country.[24]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

A total of 64,533 students in the universities closed were left without school due to such unlawful government practices. The Turkish Higher Council of Education made published conflicting statements regarding these students, and victimized them. First, the Council announced the students would be transferred to the same departments at guarantor universities. But this plan was not fully applicable due to the lack of classrooms and faculty members at the hosting institutions. Then, they announced these students would be placed in the state universities based on their exam scores they earned in the previous university entrance exam. Later, they decided to place these students in some universities regardless of their choice and scores. The students with scholarships ended up losing their scholarship. After closure of these universities, the tuitions paid by the students were not reimbursed. The students attempted to make their voices heard in various social media platforms, but no one took their complaints into consideration. As a result, thousands of students lost their right to get education. Many international students had to return to their countries without completing their education. In addition, many student leaders and heads of student clubs were accused of being members of a terrorist organization and some were arrested.[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

All of the presidents of the closed universities and most of their faculty members were arrested and imprisoned. Here are some examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n

All the founders and directors of the closed universities were subjected to various court cases; many of them were arrested, imprisoned or had to move out of the country. The president of Canik Basari University Prof. Dr. Yunus Pekdemir was sentenced to 8 years and 9 months in prison. Similarly, Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir \u015eeng\u00fcn, the president of Turgut \u00d6zal University, 8 years 1 month, Prof. Dr. Recep Ileri, the president of Orhan Gazi University, 6 years 3 months, Prof. Dr. Osman Serinda\u011f, the president of Kanuni University, 6 years and 3 months, Prof. Dr. Mahmut Dursun Mat, the president of Melik\u015fah University, were sentenced to 10 years in prison. They are currently in prisons. Some of the faculty members and and administrative staff of these universities were also sentenced to dozens of years in prison. For example: Prof. Dr. Murat \u015een, the dean of the Faculty of Law of Melik\u015fah University, was sentenced to 12 years in prison. [26]<\/a>,<\/sup>[27]<\/a>,<\/sup>[28]<\/a>,<\/sup>[29]<\/a>,<\/sup>[30]<\/a>,<\/sup>[31]<\/a>,<\/sup>[32]<\/a>,<\/sup>[33]<\/a>,<\/sup>[34]<\/a>,<\/sup>[35]<\/a>,<\/sup>[36]<\/a>,<\/sup>[37]<\/a>,<\/sup>[38]<\/a> <\/sup>The accusation was same, which is being a member of the G\u00fclen Movement. A total of 48 employees of Samsun Canik Basari University were sentenced to 2781 months and 19 days (231 years, 8 months and 19 days) in two different cases. [39]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Academic Freedom and Forced Resettlement<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Erdogan administration fully controls the Turkish judiciary and takes advantage of it to limit freedom of speech expression, and labels the non-violent activities as terrorism and punishes them. As shown in researches of human rights watch, investigations regarding terror crimes and other cases in Turkey are made without concrete evidence by breaking the constitutional laws.<\/p>\n

The supreme court of the Republic of Turkey approved that court decisions made during the State of Emergency are not subject to due process. This decision legalized all unlawful actions of the Erdogan administration during this period.[40]<\/a><\/sup> Then due to international reactions and pressure, the Erdogan administration decided to put together an Ad-Hoc Committee to re-evaluate the disputes coming from mass dismissals in January 2017. The government asked people who lost their jobs after the massive dismissal to appeal to this committee. Although the Erdogan administration claimed that this Ad-Hoc Committee ended victimization, the international human rights organizations and some opposition political parties emphasized that the committee did not handle the cases fairly. In fact, it took so long for the committee making the decisions in these cases, and the committee did not go beyond approving the Erdogan government’s practices.[41]<\/a><\/sup> Faculty of the allegedly Gulen inspired universities were not allowed to appeal this committee. The board of trustee or administrative staff of these universities appealed, but they are yet to get any answer.<\/p>\n

Not only are the faculty members, but also their families are got fired and lost their jobs and banned from getting employment in the public sectors by the government. It is almost impossible to find job for these people even in the private sector due to the extreme governmental pressure and fears, and strong public othering language used by the Erdogan regime. Under such an overwhelmingly depressing condition, since their passports are revoked thousands of academicians had to fled the country through illegal means to seek asylum in the foreign countries. The academic advocate institutions reported that the volume of applications from Turkey is rather high. While the majority of applicants were from Syria before, 46% of applicants asking for help from these institutes are from Turkey in the past three years.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Even three years passed the \u201cMilitary Coup Attempt\u201d, neither the head of the coup nor a coup plan could be found. During the investigations, nobody showed any evidence about the leadership of Military Coup or the Coup Plan, however during the aftermath of the coup attempt, thousands of academics and hundreds of thousands of others have been imprisoned. To the date, there has been no convincing evidence put forward by the Turkish government proving the Gulen Movement is behind the \u201cMilitary Coup Attempt\u201d. Furthermore, Mr. Fethullah Gulen denied all the accusations and involvement in the coup attempt and condemned any military interference in a democracy, and urges the Turkish Government to initiate an international investigation on the coup plot. There are many new evidences that indicate the coup attempt was a false flag operation. Although people have right to own arms in Turkey, the police and other governmental forces were unable to find any arms in raids and searches at the Gulen Movement affiliated people\u2019s homes or located any supporting document involving the \u201cMilitary Coup Attempt\u201d. This alone indicates that the terrorism and coup attempt accusations are totally politically motivated.<\/p>\n

After the \u201cMilitary Coup Attempt\u201d the dismissal charges of the academicians were based on their alleged links to the coup attempt and involvement in terrorism. However, during the court phase, they were accused of being a member of the Gulen Movement only and were sentenced to long prison terms.<\/p>\n

The universities shut down by the Erdogan administration were established by entrepreneurs and philanthropists, who are accused of being members the G\u00fclen Movement, similar to the accusation for the dismissed academicians. However, there is no such a crime in Turkish judiciary system. The Erdogan government and its partners were unable to answer basic questions such as \u201chow long has the Gulen Movement been a terrorist organization for?\u201d, but continued politically motivated practices.<\/p>\n

The evidence of being a member of a terrorist organization for the Turkish government was sometimes accusation of a secret witness, sometimes it was depositing money in a legally operating bank, and sometimes it was a school where you sent child go to.<\/p>\n

Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 The Erdogan administration has used the coup attempt as an excuse and closed 15 university owned and independently operated by a number r of non-profit organizations with the accusation of the link to the Gulen Movement. All evidence shows that the real reason for the government’s closure of these universities is political enmity. Although the government’s allegations were security concerns and anti-terrorism, none of these universities had an investigation or case of terrorism and security.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Turkey has also promised to obey and practice that international agreements; which guarantees basic universal rights such as property acquisition, entrepreneurship, organization, education and freedom of expression of individuals. The closure of these universities and the seizure of their assets is a clear violation of the universal rights, which should be revoked immediately.<\/p>\n

\u2022 The universities that are closed are institutions established and operated completely by legal means. The Erdogan government must repudiate the institutional and individual property, legal entities, and all other rights associated with these 15 universities and cancel the charges.<\/p>\n

\u2022 In addition to basic human rights, academic freedom must be protected as declared in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights and Turkey agreed upon obeying. Turkey pledged to improve individual and organizational freedom standards at the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2015.<\/p>\n

\u2022 All activities carried out against academicians and other people who have nothing to do with terrorism and terrorist activities should be stopped unless there is supporting evidence. People arrested with similar allegations should be released and their trial should be open and up to the universal standards.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/False_flag<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/15-july-erdogans-coup\/<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. https:\/\/www.bolgegundem.com\/tuzla-suleyman-sah-universitesinin-isletmeleri-muhurlendi-19121h.htm<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. https:\/\/www.samsungazetesi.com\/samsun-haber\/canik-basari-universitesi-o-haberi-yalanladi-h541299.html \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. https:\/\/www.star.com.tr\/politika\/birakin-o-dershaneleri-haber-849460\/ \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. http:\/\/www.sivaspostasi.com.tr\/haber\/basbakan_erdogan_uyardi_cemaat_okullarini_birakin-2659.html \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. https:\/\/www.haberler.com\/izmir-sifa-universitesi-nin-tip-merkezlerinin-7963912-haberi\/ \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. https:\/\/www.medimagazin.com.tr\/ozel-saglik\/sgk\/tr-sgk-10-tanesi-izmirdeki-21-hastane-ile-sozlesmesini-feshetti-9-674-68402.html \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. https:\/\/www.haberler.com\/sgk-sozlesmeyi-tek-tarafli-iptal-etti-hastalar-8022692-haberi\/ \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/sifa-universitesi-rektoru-tutuklandi \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. https:\/\/www.pusulahaber.com.tr\/torunun-fendi-fetoyu-yendi-476408h.htm \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. https:\/\/www.haberler.com\/paralel-yapi-operasyonu-prof-dr-bahattin-adam-ve-7338596-haberi\/ \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2016\/07\/04\/8-universite-400-okula-kayyum-atandi \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. https:\/\/www.yenisafak.com\/gundem\/feto-vakfina-kayyum-2476038<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2016\/06\/15\/selahaddin-eyyubi-universitesine-kayyum-atandi \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. https:\/\/www.ntv.com.tr\/turkiye\/fatih-universitesine-kayyum-atandi,KfhO-ABUE0KHbzKBrB3lnw \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. https:\/\/www.cnnturk.com\/turkiye\/mevlana-universitesinin-bagli-oldugu-vakfa-kayyum-atandi \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. http:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2016\/07\/20160723-8.htm<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/15-universite-muhurlendi-40165975 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/print\/177442-sayilarla-kapatilan-universiteler \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/academics-sacked-from-positions-2<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/tr\/news\/2018\/05\/14\/317832<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/15-temmuz-darbe-girisimi\/sinirda-yakalanan-fetocu-bashekime-15-yil-6-ay-hapis-\/1241890 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  24. https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/turkey-failed-coup-purge-scholars-loses-its-brains\/<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. https:\/\/www.thecable.ng\/turkey-arrests-50-nigerian-students-failed-coup<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/282021\/_Paralel_yapi__operasyonunda_eski_rektor_de_gozaltinda.html<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  27. https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/hukuk\/192792-kapatilan-fatih-universitesi-calisanlari-icin-gozalti-karari<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  28. https:\/\/www.memurlar.net\/haber\/647190\/mevlana-universitesi-calisanlarindan-30-kisi-gozaltina-alindi.html<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  29. http:\/\/fetogercekleri.com\/fetode-bugun\/selahaddin-eyyubi-universitesi-calisanlarina-operasyon\/<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  30. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-turkiye-38376457<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  31. https:\/\/www.haberler.com\/feto-nun-universitesine-yonelik-dava-10459527-haberi\/<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  32. http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/kapatilan-canik-basari-universitesi-samsun-yerelhaber-2591661\/<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  33. http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/turgut-ozal-universitesi-eski-gundem-2577083\/<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  34. https:\/\/www.sondakika.com\/recep-ileri\/<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  35. https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2018\/05\/31\/feto-sanigi-eski-rektore-hapis-cezasi \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  36. https:\/\/www.haberturk.com\/yerel-haberler\/59505910-fetoden-kapatilan-meliksah-universitesi-davasinda-karar \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  37. https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/eski-dekana-fetoden-12-yil-hapis-cezasi,732313 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  38. https:\/\/www.turkishminute.com\/2017\/12\/27\/detention-warrants-issued-for-171-fatih-university-staff-members-academics\/ \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  39. http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/kapatilan-canik-basari-universitesi-samsun-yerelhaber-2591661\/ \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  40. https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/anayasa-mahkemesi-ohal-kanunlarinin-iptal-basvurularini-reddetti-372645.html \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  41. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-turkiye-44799489<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    (Art.No:4.en)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Summary Turkey has experienced a regime change, after a strange “coup attempt” on July 15th, 2016. Authoritarianism, which began about five years ago, evolved into …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2291,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2567","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2567"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2567\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3258,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2567\/revisions\/3258"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}