Akademik \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Endeksi (AFI), b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7meyi hedefleyen \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir giri\u015fimdir. Bu proje be\u015f temel g\u00f6stergeye dayal\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyadaki fiili akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck d\u00fczeylerini de\u011ferlendirmektedir. Bu temel g\u00f6stergeler; ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00f6\u011fretme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; akademik de\u011fi\u015fim ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; kurumsal \u00f6zerklik; kamp\u00fcs b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; ve akademik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.
AFI, Almanya ve \u0130sve\u00e7’teki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. Projeyi Gothenburg \u00dcniversitesi Varieties Democracy (V-Dem) Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. Staffan Lindberg, Fredrich Alexander \u00dcniveristesi (FAU) Siyaset Bilimi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Prof. Dr. Katrin Kinzelbach ve Dr. Lars Pelke ile Berlin \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Janika Spannagel y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedirler. Proje Volkswagen Vakf\u0131’ndan be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir hibe ile desteklenmektedir.
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yledir: Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bir insan hakk\u0131d\u0131r ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015fme i\u00e7in bir \u00f6n ko\u015fuldur. Asl\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyadaki 171 \u00fclkenin \u00e7o\u011fu, BM Ekonomik, Sosyal ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Haklar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (ICESCR) uyar\u0131nca “bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 faaliyetler i\u00e7in temel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme” (Madde 15.3) kapsam\u0131nda bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri sa\u011flamay\u0131 yasal olarak taahh\u00fct etmi\u015flerdir. \u00dclkelerin alt\u0131na imza att\u0131klar\u0131 bu bu ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hukuki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, ne yaz\u0131k ki akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn fiilen ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Her ne kadar devletler bu taahh\u00fctleri yapm\u0131\u015f olsa da fiilen hayata ge\u00e7irilmeleri \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 derecelerde olmaktad\u0131r.
AFI, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerden 2197 uzman taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelere, standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f anketlere ve V-Dem projesi taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan ve uyarlanan k\u00f6kl\u00fc istatistiksel modellere dayanmaktad\u0131r. V-Dem projesi, demokrasinin \u00e7e\u015fitli boyutlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sa\u011flam veriler \u00fcretmesiyle tan\u0131n\u0131yor. Akademik \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Endeksi, veri toplama i\u00e7in bir Bayes \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm modeli y\u00f6ntemi kullanmaktad\u0131r. Bu modelle yaln\u0131zca nokta tahminleri sa\u011flamakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u00fcresel de\u011ferlendirmesindeki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm belirsizli\u011fini \u015feffaf bir \u015fekilde raporlamay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ve zaman i\u00e7indeki puanlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken bu belirsizli\u011fi dikkate almalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.
Endeks ilk defa Aral\u0131k 2022 itibar\u0131yla akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin fiili olarak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 esas al\u0131narak olu\u015fturuldu. Bu haliyle 179 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgede akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durumuna ili\u015fkin bir genel bak\u0131\u015f sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu raporlarda d\u00fcnya genelinde akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin gittik\u00e7e geriledi\u011fi dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun % 50’sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (4 milyar insan) 22 \u00fclkede akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ge\u00e7en on y\u0131lda anlaml\u0131 derecede k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler yaln\u0131zca be\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkede anlaml\u0131 derecede iyile\u015fti ve bu k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusun yaln\u0131zca % 0,7’sine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede (152) durgunluk i\u00e7indedir ve genellikle \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir seviyededir.
Son on y\u0131lda akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ciddi anlamda k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin aras\u0131nda \u00c7in, Hindistan, Brezilya, Rusya, T\u00fcrkiye, M\u0131s\u0131r, Ukrayna, El Salvador, Komor Adalar\u0131, Hong Kong, Afganistan, Meksika, Tayland, Yemen, Nikaragua, Beyaz Rusya, Uruguay, \u0130ngiltere, Polonya, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Myanmar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkelerden \u00c7in, T\u00fcrkiye, M\u0131s\u0131r, Nikaragua, Beyaz Rusya ve Myanmar akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131nda en alt tabaka olan E Kategorisinde yer almaktad\u0131rlar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin belirgin \u015fekilde iyile\u015fti\u011fi \u00fclkeler ise Kazakistan, \u00d6zbekistan, \u015eey\u015fel Adalar\u0131, Karada\u011f ve Gambiya olarak s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r.
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve endeks hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgiyi web ilgili web sitesinde bulabilirsiniz: https:\/\/academic-freedom-index.net\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Akademik \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Endeksi (AFI), b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7meyi hedefleyen \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir giri\u015fimdir. Bu proje be\u015f temel g\u00f6stergeye dayal\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyadaki fiili akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck d\u00fczeylerini de\u011ferlendirmektedir. Bu temel g\u00f6stergeler; ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00f6\u011fretme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; akademik de\u011fi\u015fim ve yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; kurumsal \u00f6zerklik; kamp\u00fcs b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; ve akademik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.AFI, Almanya ve \u0130sve\u00e7’teki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guncel"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3496"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3497,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3496\/revisions\/3497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}