{"id":4698,"date":"2026-03-14T07:29:03","date_gmt":"2026-03-14T07:29:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?p=4698"},"modified":"2026-03-14T07:29:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T07:29:40","slug":"zombi-makaleler-geri-cekilmis-arastirmalar-yasiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?p=4698&lang=tr","title":{"rendered":"Zombi Makaleler: Geri \u00c7ekilmi\u015f Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Ya\u015famaya Devam Ediyor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131, yeni bilgi \u00fcretmenin yan\u0131nda \u00fcretilen bilginin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini de korumak zorundad\u0131r. Zombi makalelerden kurtulmak ve yeni zombiler \u00fcretmemek i\u00e7in akademik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rleri sorumluluk almal\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bilimsel yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k uzun s\u00fcre kendi kendini d\u00fczelten bir sistem olarak var oldu. Adet oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, hatal\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar zaman i\u00e7inde ele\u015ftirilir, yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla d\u00fczeltilir ve bilimsel bilgi giderek daha sa\u011flam hale gelirdi. Son y\u0131llarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bulgular, bu ideal tablonun ciddi \u015fekilde zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6zellikle geri \u00e7ekilen bilimsel makalelerin say\u0131s\u0131ndaki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bir g\u00fcven ve kalite sorunu olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bilimsel yay\u0131nlar\u0131 sistematik bi\u00e7imde izleyen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z platformlardan biri olan Retraction Watch\u2019a g\u00f6re (<a href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\">https:\/\/retractionwatch.com<\/a>) son y\u0131llarda geri \u00e7ekilen makalelerin say\u0131s\u0131 dramatik bi\u00e7imde artm\u0131\u015f durumda. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda on binden fazla bilimsel makalenin geri \u00e7ekildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-023-03974-8\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-023-03974-8<\/a>). Bu say\u0131 bilimsel yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k tarihinde bir rekor. \u00dcstelik geri \u00e7ekilen makalelerin say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f yaln\u0131zca yay\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fla a\u00e7\u0131klanam\u0131yor; retraction oran\u0131n\u0131n kendisi de y\u00fckseliyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10485848\/\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10485848\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu geli\u015fmeler, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n art\u0131k \u201cretraction crisis\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir olguyu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor. Bilimsel bir makalenin geri \u00e7ekilmesi (retraction), o makalenin art\u0131k g\u00fcvenilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bilimsel literat\u00fcrde referans olarak kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu karar genellikle \u015fu durumlarda al\u0131n\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veri uydurma veya veri manip\u00fclasyonu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130ntihal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Etik ihlaller<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sahte hakem de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ciddi metodolojik hatalar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maalesef geri \u00e7ekilen makaleler yaln\u0131zca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck etkili dergilerde yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Zaman zaman d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en sayg\u0131n bilimsel dergileri de bu t\u00fcr vakalarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabiliyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Lancet\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan ve uzun s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olan bir olgu raporu yeniden incelemeye al\u0131nd\u0131. Retraction Watch\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re anne s\u00fct\u00fc yoluyla opioid zehirlenmesi ya\u015fayan bir bebe\u011fi konu alan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi konusunda ciddi \u015f\u00fcpheler bulundu\u011fu bildirildi (<a href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2026\/02\/04\/lancet-flags-long-scrutinized-report-of-infant-poisoned-by-opioids-in-breast-milk\/\">https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2026\/02\/04\/lancet-flags-long-scrutinized-report-of-infant-poisoned-by-opioids-in-breast-milk\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bilim tarihinin en bilinen vakalar\u0131ndan biri ise Andrew Wakefield\u2019\u0131n 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan ve k\u0131zam\u0131k-kabakulak-k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n otizmle ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu iddia eden makalesidir. Daha sonra etik ihlaller ve veri manip\u00fclasyonu nedeniyle geri \u00e7ekilen bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, y\u0131llar boyunca a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketlerin en \u00f6nemli referanslar\u0131ndan biri olarak kullan\u0131lmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Geri \u00e7ekilme vakalar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca gen\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck laboratuvarlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Retraction Watch verileri, Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n da geri \u00e7ekildi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Bu durum bilimsel sistemdeki sorunlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bireysel etik ihlallerle a\u00e7\u0131klanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Akademik rekabet, yay\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma finansman\u0131 gibi yap\u0131sal fakt\u00f6rler bilimsel \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini derinden etkiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En ilgin\u00e7 sorunlardan biri ise geri \u00e7ekilen makalelerin etkisinin kolayca ortadan kalkmamas\u0131. Bir makale geri \u00e7ekildikten sonra bile bilimsel literat\u00fcrde at\u0131f almaya devam edebiliyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0277814\">https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0277814<\/a>). Baz\u0131 geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, geri \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131ndan sonra bile y\u00fczlerce veya binlerce kez at\u0131f alm\u0131\u015f. Tabir yerindeyse, bunlar \u201czombi makaleler\u201d olarak ya\u015famaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bilimsel makale say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k elli milyona ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Bunlar\u0131n on binlercesi geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015f durumda (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-025-00455-y\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-025-00455-y<\/a>). Oran ilk bak\u0131\u015fta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Ancak bilimsel bilginin birikimli do\u011fas\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu say\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Bir makale geri \u00e7ekildi\u011finde yaln\u0131zca tek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. O makaleyi temel alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, meta-analizler ve klinik uygulamalar da dolayl\u0131 olarak etkilenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sorunun kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, akla ilk olarak yay\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 (publish or perish). Geliyor. Akademik kariyerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yay\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da makale \u00fcretmeye y\u00f6nlendiriyor. Son y\u0131llarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cpaper mill\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015firketler de bu sorunu daha da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale getirdi. Bu \u015firketler \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sahte veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli makaleler \u00fcretip bilimsel dergilere g\u00f6nderebiliyor. Baz\u0131 vakalarda sahte hakem de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri veya organize at\u0131f a\u011flar\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2024\/feb\/03\/the-situation-has-become-appalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2024\/feb\/03\/the-situation-has-become-appalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point<\/a>). Di\u011fer taraftan, baz\u0131 ticari yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n kalite yerine yay\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya odaklanmas\u0131 da bu soruna katk\u0131da bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Geri \u00e7ekilen makaleler yaln\u0131zca akademik bir mesele de\u011fildir. Yanl\u0131\u015f bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sa\u011fl\u0131k politikalar\u0131n\u0131, klinik uygulamalar\u0131 ve kamuoyunun bilime olan g\u00fcvenini do\u011frudan etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle bilimsel g\u00fcven yaln\u0131zca akademik \u00e7evrelerin de\u011fil, toplumun tamam\u0131n\u0131n ortak meselesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir akademik ortam i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma de\u011ferlendirme sistemlerinin yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma verilerinin ve analiz s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin daha \u015feffaf hale getirilmesi, a\u00e7\u0131k veri uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bilimsel yay\u0131nlar\u0131n daha etkin bi\u00e7imde izlenmesi bu konuda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca geri \u00e7ekilen makalelerin veri tabanlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde i\u015faretlenmesi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bu konuda bilgilendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bug\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca yeni bilgi \u00fcretme g\u00f6reviyle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretilen bilginin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini koruma sorumlulu\u011fuyla da kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Zombi makalelerden kurtulmak ve yeni zombiler \u00fcretmemek i\u00e7in akademik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rlerine \u00f6nemli sorumluluklar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131, yeni bilgi \u00fcretmenin yan\u0131nda \u00fcretilen bilginin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini de korumak zorundad\u0131r. Zombi makalelerden kurtulmak ve yeni zombiler \u00fcretmemek i\u00e7in akademik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rleri sorumluluk almal\u0131. Bilimsel yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k uzun s\u00fcre kendi kendini d\u00fczelten bir sistem olarak var oldu. Adet oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, hatal\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar zaman i\u00e7inde ele\u015ftirilir, yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla d\u00fczeltilir ve bilimsel bilgi giderek daha sa\u011flam [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4694,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guncel"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academicsolidarity.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260314Zombi-Makaleler.png?fit=1024%2C1536&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4698"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4700,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698\/revisions\/4700"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}