{"id":4706,"date":"2026-03-21T07:08:56","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T07:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?p=4706"},"modified":"2026-03-21T07:08:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T07:08:57","slug":"ejderhanin-egitimdeki-yukselisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?p=4706&lang=tr","title":{"rendered":"Ejderhan\u0131n E\u011fitimdeki Y\u00fckseli\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir Amerikan \u00f6\u011frencisinin Business Insider\u2019da anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fisel deneyim, asl\u0131nda daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir jeopolitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6zeti gibi. Yazar, \u00c7in\u2019de \u00fcniversite e\u011fitiminin ABD\u2019ye k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha ucuz oldu\u011funu, mezuniyet sonras\u0131 hayata daha do\u011frudan haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kamp\u00fcslerde \u00f6zellikle Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu g\u00f6zlem tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir kan\u0131t de\u011fil; ama bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019in e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda nas\u0131l yeni bir \u00e7ekim merkezi haline geldi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 sunuyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/american-studied-china-universities-cheaper-2026-3\">https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/american-studied-china-universities-cheaper-2026-3<\/a>). &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7in\u2019in e\u011fitimdeki y\u00fckseli\u015fi, yaln\u0131zca daha fazla yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7ekmesinden ibaret de\u011fil. As\u0131l mesele, devlet destekli b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ek, ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapasitesi, m\u00fchendislik ve fen bilimlerindeki \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fc ve bunu d\u0131\u015f politika ile e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc bi\u00e7imde kullanabilme becerisi. Resm\u00ee \u00c7in verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkenin y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde br\u00fct okulla\u015fma oran\u0131 2024\u2019te y\u00fczde 60,8. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l d\u00fczenli ve mesleki y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda toplam kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 ise 38,9 milyon. Bu, \u00c7in\u2019in art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca \u201c\u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6\u011frenciye sahip bir \u00fclke\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; kitlesel y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bir sistem haline geldi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/english\/PressRelease\/202512\/t20251231_1962224.html\">https:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/english\/PressRelease\/202512\/t20251231_1962224.html<\/a>). &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kalite boyutunda da tablo dikkat \u00e7ekici. Times Higher Education\u2019\u0131n 2025 Asya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda \u00c7in ilk iki s\u0131ray\u0131 korudu ve ilk 10\u2019da be\u015f \u00fcniversiteye sahip oldu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/world-university-rankings\/2025\/regional-ranking\">https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/world-university-rankings\/2025\/regional-ranking<\/a>). Nature Index 2025 verilerinde de \u00c7in merkezli kurumlar zirvede yer ald\u0131; \u00c7in Bilimler Akademisi birinci olurken, onu USTC, Zhejiang ve Peking \u00dcniversitesi gibi kurumlar izledi (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature-index\/research-leaders\/2025\/institution\/all\/all\/countries-China\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature-index\/research-leaders\/2025\/institution\/all\/all\/countries-China<\/a>). Dahas\u0131, Georgetown CSET\u2019e g\u00f6re \u00c7in \u00fcniversiteleri 2025 itibar\u0131yla y\u0131lda 77 binin \u00fczerinde STEM doktora mezunu \u00fcretme rotas\u0131nda; ayn\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmada ABD yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 bin d\u00fczeyinde kal\u0131yor. Bu fark, \u00fcniversite rekabetinin art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca prestij s\u0131ralamalar\u0131yla de\u011fil, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve ileri teknoloji insan kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimiyle de belirlendi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/cset.georgetown.edu\/publication\/china-is-fast-outpacing-u-s-stem-phd-growth\/\">https:\/\/cset.georgetown.edu\/publication\/china-is-fast-outpacing-u-s-stem-phd-growth\/<\/a>). &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yine de \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fini do\u011fru okumak i\u00e7in bir paradoksu g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor. OECD verilerine g\u00f6re \u00c7in, 2023 itibar\u0131yla y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci oran\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir seviyede: yaln\u0131zca %0,3. Bu, \u00c7in\u2019in hen\u00fcz ABD, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ya da Avustralya tipi klasik bir \u201culuslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci merkezi\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Fakat ayn\u0131 veri, ba\u015fka bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi de ortaya koyuyor: \u00c7in\u2019in g\u00fcc\u00fc \u015fu a\u015famada kitlesel yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci oran\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, kendi i\u00e7 sisteminin \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi, maliyet avantaj\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rma verimlili\u011fi ve belirli b\u00f6lgelerde hedefli n\u00fcfuz kurmas\u0131nda yat\u0131yor. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, \u00c7in herkesi davet eden bir kamp\u00fcs ekonomisi kurmaktan \u00e7ok, stratejik alanlarda etkili olan bir e\u011fitim diplomasisi geli\u015ftiriyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/gpseducation.oecd.org\/CountryProfile?primaryCountry=CHN&amp;topic=EO&amp;treshold=5\">https:\/\/gpseducation.oecd.org\/CountryProfile?primaryCountry=CHN&amp;topic=EO&amp;treshold=5<\/a>). &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu stratejinin en belirgin sahalar\u0131ndan biri Afrika. UNESCO\u2019ya g\u00f6re 2019\u2019da \u00c7in\u2019de okuyan Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 bine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2024 FOCAC Beijing Action Plan ise \u00c7in-Afrika bilim ve e\u011fitim i\u015f birli\u011fini derinle\u015ftirme, b\u00f6lgesel mesleki e\u011fitim merkezleri kurma ve e\u011fitim platformlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme hedefini ortaya koyuyor. \u00c7in E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2025 sonunda verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re, \u00c7in\u2019de okuyan uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 9\u2019u \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bursu al\u0131yor ve bu bursiyerlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131 lisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenciler olu\u015fturuyor. Bu da Pekin\u2019in yaln\u0131zca nicelik pe\u015finde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek lisans ve doktora d\u00fczeyinde gelece\u011fin elitlerini \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000389878\">https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000389878<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise resim daha karma\u015f\u0131k. Amerika h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci destinasyonu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iie.org\/news\/open-doors-2025-press-release\/\">https:\/\/www.iie.org\/news\/open-doors-2025-press-release\/<\/a>); &nbsp;Open Doors 2025 verilerine g\u00f6re 2024\/25 akademik y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019de 1.177.766 uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci vard\u0131. Ancak ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde belirsizlik b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Reuters\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Trump y\u00f6netimi May\u0131s 2025\u2019te yeni \u00f6\u011frenci ve de\u011fi\u015fim vizesi randevular\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak durdurdu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/trump-administration-halts-scheduling-new-student-visa-appointments-2025-05-27\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/trump-administration-halts-scheduling-new-student-visa-appointments-2025-05-27\/<\/a>). Sonras\u0131nda DHS, A\u011fustos 2025\u2019te \u00f6\u011frenci vizelerinde \u201cduration of status\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p sabit s\u00fcreli kal\u0131\u015f modeline ge\u00e7meyi \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir kural tasla\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131. NAFSA ise 2025 sonbahar\u0131nda yeni uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda y\u00fczde 17 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun 1,1 milyar dolarl\u0131k ekonomik kay\u0131p ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 23 bin i\u015f kayb\u0131 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini bildirdi (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/trump-administration-halts-scheduling-new-student-visa-appointments-2025-05-27\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/trump-administration-halts-scheduling-new-student-visa-appointments-2025-05-27\/<\/a>). K\u0131sacas\u0131 ABD sistemi h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, ama art\u0131k eskisi kadar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fi, Amerikan gerilemesinden \u00e7ok Amerikan belirsizli\u011finin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015flukla h\u0131z kazan\u0131yor. Bir \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim tercihi sadece diploma kalitesiyle ilgili de\u011fildir; vize g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, mezuniyet sonras\u0131 kalma ihtimali, hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, bar\u0131nma, siyasal atmosfer ve psikolojik aidiyet hissi de en az akademik itibar kadar \u00f6nemlidir. Business Insider\u2019daki anlat\u0131da \u00c7in\u2019in ucuz yurtlar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yemek maliyetleri ve daha do\u011frudan kariyer haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu model herkese cazip gelmeyebilir; ama \u00f6zellikle bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda ezilmek istemeyen, teknik alanlarda e\u011fitim arayan ve Asya-Afrika ekonomik a\u011flar\u0131na yak\u0131n durmak isteyen \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in son derece \u00e7ekici olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avrupa ise bu yar\u0131\u015fta hem rakip hem de ara kazanan olabilir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi 2025\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kendisini ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve yenilik\u00e7iler i\u00e7in \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ekici destinasyonu\u201d yapma hedefini ilan etti (<a href=\"https:\/\/research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu\/news\/all-research-and-innovation-news\/choose-europe-science-eu-comes-together-attract-top-research-talent-2025-05-23_en\">https:\/\/research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu\/news\/all-research-and-innovation-news\/choose-europe-science-eu-comes-together-attract-top-research-talent-2025-05-23_en<\/a>). AB y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim stratejisi de Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte daha rekabet\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131k \u00fcniversiteler kurmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan Avrupa zaten \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7ekim alan\u0131: AB verilerine g\u00f6re ekstra-AB derece hareketlili\u011finde Fransa, Almanya ve \u0130spanya toplam\u0131n y\u00fczde 58,7\u2019sini \u00e7ekiyor. Almanya\u2019da ise 2024\/25 k\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde yakla\u015f\u0131k 402 bin uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci ve doktora \u00f6\u011frencisi bulunuyordu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.daad.de\/en\/press-releases\/erneut-hohe-zahl-an-internationalen-studierenden-in-deutschland\/\">https:\/\/www.daad.de\/en\/press-releases\/erneut-hohe-zahl-an-internationalen-studierenden-in-deutschland\/<\/a>). Yani ABD\u2019deki sertle\u015fme ve \u00c7in\u2019deki y\u00fckseli\u015f, Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 otomatik olarak zay\u0131flatm\u0131yor; tersine, Avrupa\u2019ya yeni bir alan a\u00e7\u0131yor. Fakat bu alan\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in vize, bar\u0131nma, akademik kariyer g\u00fcvencesi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma fonlar\u0131 konusunda daha kararl\u0131 davranmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bekleyebilece\u011fi sonu\u00e7, e\u011fitimin daha da jeopolitik bir alan haline gelmesidir. \u00dcniversiteler yaln\u0131zca bilgi \u00fcreten kurumlar de\u011fil; n\u00fcfuz, teknoloji, norm ve insan sermayesi \u00fcreten merkezlerdir. \u00c7in bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u00e7ok erken kavrad\u0131 ve ekonomide kurdu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimle desteklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Afrika\u2019da burslar, teknik e\u011fitim, lisans\u00fcst\u00fc programlar ve \u00c7in ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kariyer a\u011flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yeni bir etki alan\u0131 olu\u015fuyor. ABD kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 daralt\u0131r, Avrupa ise a\u011f\u0131r hareket ederse, 2030\u2019lar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 e\u011fitim haritas\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden belirgin bi\u00e7imde farkl\u0131 olabilir. O zaman mesele yaln\u0131zca \u201cen iyi \u00fcniversite nerede?\u201d sorusu olmayacak; \u201cgelece\u011fin k\u00fcresel elitleri hangi \u00fclkede yeti\u015fiyor ve hangi d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle \u015fekilleniyor?\u201d sorusu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kacak. Bu nedenle \u00c7in\u2019in e\u011fitimdeki y\u00fckseli\u015fi yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin sessiz bir i\u015fareti gibi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir Amerikan \u00f6\u011frencisinin Business Insider\u2019da anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fisel deneyim, asl\u0131nda daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir jeopolitik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6zeti gibi. Yazar, \u00c7in\u2019de \u00fcniversite e\u011fitiminin ABD\u2019ye k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha ucuz oldu\u011funu, mezuniyet sonras\u0131 hayata daha do\u011frudan haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kamp\u00fcslerde \u00f6zellikle Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu g\u00f6zlem tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir kan\u0131t de\u011fil; ama bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019in e\u011fitim [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guncel"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academicsolidarity.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260321Ejderha.png?fit=1024%2C1536&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4706"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4707,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4706\/revisions\/4707"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}