{"id":4750,"date":"2026-05-02T13:54:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-02T13:54:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?p=4750"},"modified":"2026-05-02T13:54:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T13:54:08","slug":"islam-alimleri-ile-fizikciler-ayni-soruyu-tartisiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?p=4750&lang=tr","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam \u00c2limleri ile Fizik\u00e7iler Ayn\u0131 Soruyu Tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0130slam \u00e2limlerinin bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kader ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade meselesi, bug\u00fcn modern fizi\u011fin de en sars\u0131c\u0131 sorular\u0131ndan biri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BBC Reel\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bir video, modern fizi\u011fin kadim bir soruyu yeniden g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor: \u00d6zg\u00fcr irade ger\u00e7ekten var m\u0131, yoksa insan\u0131n kararlar\u0131 da evrendeki di\u011fer olaylar gibi \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f neden-sonu\u00e7 zincirinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 m\u0131? Video, do\u011fa yasalar\u0131, nedensellik ve insan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi sorgulayarak, baz\u0131 fizik\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeyi bir yan\u0131lsama olarak g\u00f6rebildi\u011fini aktar\u0131yor. Bu soru ilk bak\u0131\u015fta modern bilime ait gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, asl\u0131nda \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gelene\u011finde y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan kader, cebir ve insan sorumlulu\u011fu meselesinin ba\u015fka bir dilde yeniden sorulmas\u0131ndan ibarettir. BBC videosu bu tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u201cfizi\u011fin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmesi\u201d \u015feklinde \u00e7er\u00e7eveliyor (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel\/video\/p086tg3k\/watch\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel\/video\/p086tg3k\/watch<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern felsefede \u201cdeterminizm\u201d, kabaca ge\u00e7mi\u015fin durumu ve do\u011fa yasalar\u0131 ayn\u0131ysa gelece\u011fin de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde zorunlu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, determinizmi ayn\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve ayn\u0131 do\u011fa yasalar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ayn\u0131 gelece\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlar. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m do\u011fruysa, insan\u0131n \u201cba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc davranabilmesi\u201d meselesi ciddi bir problem h\u00e2line gelir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir insan\u0131n verdi\u011fi karar da nihayetinde beyin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine, biyolojik yap\u0131lara, \u00e7evresel etkilere ve fiziksel yasalara ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr (<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/freewill\/\">https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/freewill\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu tart\u0131\u015fma yaln\u0131zca teorik de\u011fil. \u00d6zg\u00fcr irade meselesi do\u011frudan ahlaki sorumlulukla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. E\u011fer insan ger\u00e7ekten se\u00e7emiyorsa, iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten, su\u00e7 ve erdemden, cesaret ve ihanetten, zulme destek vermek ya da zulme direnmekten nas\u0131l s\u00f6z edebiliriz? Felsefe literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde bu y\u00fczden \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade, ahlaki sorumluluk ve determinizm aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 alanlardan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Baz\u0131 filozoflar determinizm do\u011fru olsa bile ahlaki sorumlulu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortadan kalkmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur; bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u201cba\u011fda\u015f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d (compatibilism) olarak bilinir (<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/compatibilism\/\">https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/compatibilism\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde ayn\u0131 soru farkl\u0131 kavramlarla sorulmu\u015ftur: \u0130nsan fiillerinde ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6zg\u00fcr m\u00fcd\u00fcr, yoksa Allah\u2019\u0131n takdiri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tamamen mecbur mudur? Bu soru kel\u00e2m tarihinde Cebriyye, Kaderiyye\/Mu\u2018tezile, E\u015f\u2018ar\u00eelik, M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00eelik ve \u015ei\u00ee kel\u00e2m gibi farkl\u0131 geleneklerde de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerde cevaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cebriyye olarak bilinen yakla\u015f\u0131m, insan\u0131n fiillerinde ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgular. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re insan, kendi eylemlerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z faili de\u011fildir; fiiller nihai olarak Allah\u2019\u0131n mutlak iradesi ve kudreti alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Modern fizikteki kat\u0131 determinizm ile Cebriyye aras\u0131nda bu a\u00e7\u0131dan dikkat \u00e7ekici bir benzerlik var. Biri evreni do\u011fa yasalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden, di\u011feri ilah\u00ee irade \u00fczerinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr; fakat her ikisi de insan\u0131n \u201ctam anlam\u0131yla \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131\u201d olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cebriyye\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131 ucunda ise Kaderiyye ve Mu\u2018tezile \u00e7izgisi yer al\u0131r. Britannica, Kaderiyye\u2019yi \u0130slam\u2019da \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade doktrininin savunucular\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlar ve bu ad\u0131n insan\u0131n iyi ile k\u00f6t\u00fc aras\u0131nda kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesiyle tercih yapabilece\u011fini savunan Mu\u2018tezile i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Mu\u2018tezile\u2019nin temel kayg\u0131s\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n adaletidir: E\u011fer insan kendi se\u00e7medi\u011fi fiillerden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bu ilah\u00ee adaletle nas\u0131l ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131r? Bu nedenle Mu\u2018tezile, insan\u0131n ahlaki sorumlulu\u011funu korumak i\u00e7in iradeye g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir alan a\u00e7ar (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Qadariyyah\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Qadariyyah<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet gelene\u011fi ise genellikle iki u\u00e7 aras\u0131nda bir denge aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u015f\u2018ar\u00ee yakla\u015f\u0131mda fiili yaratan Allah\u2019t\u0131r; insan ise fiili \u201ckesb\u201d eder, yani onu iradesiyle benimser ve sahiplenir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m Allah\u2019\u0131n mutlak kudretini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, insan sorumlulu\u011funu da b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle reddetmez. Ancak tarih boyunca baz\u0131 yorumcular E\u015f\u2018ar\u00ee \u00e7izginin insan iradesine s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir alan b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee gelenek ise insan iradesine daha belirgin bir alan tan\u0131mas\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Britannica, M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00eeli\u011fin Allah\u2019\u0131n mutlak kudretini vurgularken insana adil bi\u00e7imde \u00f6d\u00fcl veya ceza verilebilmesi i\u00e7in asgari bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck alan\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mda Allah\u2019\u0131n bilmesi, insan\u0131 zorlamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Yani Allah insan\u0131n neyi se\u00e7ece\u011fini bilir; fakat bilmek ile zorlamak ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Maturidiyah\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Maturidiyah<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015ei\u00ee kel\u00e2m\u0131nda da benzer bir orta yol form\u00fcl\u00fc geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir: \u201cNe cebir ne de tamamen ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f b\u0131rakma; ikisi aras\u0131nda bir yol.\u201d Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, insan\u0131 ne Allah\u2019tan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z mutlak bir fail olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr ne de tamamen edilgen bir varl\u0131k konumuna indirger. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ana damarlar\u0131nda ortak bir hassasiyet vard\u0131r: Allah\u2019\u0131n ilmi ve kudreti korunurken, insan\u0131n ahlaki sorumlulu\u011fu da anlams\u0131z h\u00e2le getirilmemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern fizik tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 burada \u0130slam kel\u00e2m\u0131 ile ilgin\u00e7 bir temas noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Fizik \u201cE\u011fer her olay\u0131n fiziksel bir nedeni varsa, insan karar\u0131 ne kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr?\u201d diye soruyor. Kel\u00e2m ise \u201cE\u011fer her \u015fey Allah\u2019\u0131n ilmi ve takdiri i\u00e7indeyse, insan nas\u0131l sorumludur?\u201d diye sorar. Biri do\u011fa yasalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden, di\u011feri ilah\u00ee ilim ve irade \u00fczerinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte. Fakat ikisinin merkezinde ayn\u0131 gerilim var: Belirlenmi\u015flik ile sorumluluk nas\u0131l birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elbette modern fizik \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradenin kesin olarak imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu ispatlam\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. G\u00fcncel tart\u0131\u015fmalarda kaos teorisi, kuantum belirsizli\u011fi ve karma\u015f\u0131k sistemlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bilin\u00e7 gibi meseleler, kat\u0131 ve basit bir determinizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Space.com\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan g\u00fcncel bir de\u011ferlendirme, fizi\u011fin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeyi ciddi bi\u00e7imde zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fakat kaos, kuantum mekani\u011fi ve \u201cemergence\u201d gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n konuyu kapatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; aksine daha karma\u015f\u0131k h\u00e2le getirdi\u011fini vurgular (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/science\/particle-physics\/does-physics-say-that-free-will-doesnt-exist\">https:\/\/www.space.com\/science\/particle-physics\/does-physics-say-that-free-will-doesnt-exist<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu noktada \u0130slam \u00e2limleri ile fizik\u00e7ilerin birbirinden \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011fi \u00e7ok \u015fey var. Fizik\u00e7iler \u0130slam kel\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca kader, ilah\u00ee bilgi, insan iradesi ve ahlaki sorumluluk aras\u0131nda kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ince dengeden yararlanabilir. \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri ise modern fizi\u011fin nedensellik, belirsizlik, karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ve bilin\u00e7 \u00fczerine a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni ufuklardan istifade edebilir. B\u00f6yle bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma, ne bilimi dine indirgemek ne de dini fizi\u011fe onaylatmak anlam\u0131na gelir. Daha do\u011fru ifade \u015fudur: \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck sorular\u0131 farkl\u0131 bilgi geleneklerinde farkl\u0131 dillerle yeniden kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir anlam\u0131 var. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade ve kader meselesi yaln\u0131zca teorik bir problem de\u011fildir; bask\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde insan\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemlidir. Otoriter rejimler insanlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u201cba\u015fka \u00e7arem yoktu\u201d duygusuna itiyor. B\u00fcrokrat, akademisyen, h\u00e2kim, gazeteci veya hekim, kendi suskunlu\u011funu bazen \u015fartlarla, bazen korkuyla, bazen de kaderle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorlar. \u201cD\u00f6nem b\u00f6yleydi\u201d, \u201cherkes b\u00f6yle yapt\u0131\u201d, \u201celimden bir \u015fey gelmezdi\u201d gibi c\u00fcmleler, modern zamanlar\u0131n sek\u00fcler Cebriyye\u2019si gibi&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oysa hem ahlaki sezgimiz hem de \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ana damar\u0131 bize \u015funu s\u00f6ylemekte: \u0130nsan \u015fartlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fildir; fakat \u015fartlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle esiri de de\u011fildir. Aile, toplum, korku, \u00e7\u0131kar, biyoloji, siyaset ve bask\u0131 insan\u0131n kararlar\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Fakat etki alt\u0131nda olmak, sorumlulu\u011fun tamamen ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u0130nsan bazen dar bir alanda, bazen a\u011f\u0131r bedeller alt\u0131nda, bazen yaln\u0131z kalarak da olsa bir tercih yapmak zorunda. \u0130\u015fte ahlaki kimlik bu tercih alan\u0131nda \u015fekillenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ayn\u0131 bask\u0131 ortam\u0131nda baz\u0131 akademisyenler susarken, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcce yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ise bedel \u00f6deyerek hakikatin yan\u0131nda durdu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu fark\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in ne basit bir kadercilik yeterlidir ne de insan\u0131 t\u00fcm ko\u015fullardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, mutlak \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir varl\u0131k gibi g\u00f6rmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sonu\u00e7ta modern fizik ile \u0130slam kel\u00e2m\u0131 ayn\u0131 soruyu farkl\u0131 dillerle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor: \u0130nsan ger\u00e7ekten se\u00e7iyor mu? Bu soruya verilecek cevap kolay de\u011fildir. Fakat \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn: \u0130rade s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmayabilir; insan bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez etki alt\u0131nda karar verir. Ama s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 irade sorumsuzluk anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u0130nsan, kendisine verilen imk\u00e2n alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde hakikate, adalete ve vicdana y\u00f6nelebilen bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n de\u011feri, bu dar alanda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tercihte sakl\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130slam \u00e2limlerinin bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kader ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade meselesi, bug\u00fcn modern fizi\u011fin de en sars\u0131c\u0131 sorular\u0131ndan biri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. BBC Reel\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bir video, modern fizi\u011fin kadim bir soruyu yeniden g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor: \u00d6zg\u00fcr irade ger\u00e7ekten var m\u0131, yoksa insan\u0131n kararlar\u0131 da evrendeki di\u011fer olaylar gibi \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f neden-sonu\u00e7 zincirinin bir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4745,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guncel"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academicsolidarity.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/20260502FreeWill.png?fit=1448%2C1086&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4750"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4751,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4750\/revisions\/4751"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}