{"id":4924,"date":"2026-09-26T07:00:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T07:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?p=4924"},"modified":"2026-09-26T07:59:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T07:59:34","slug":"turkiyede-akademik-ozgurluk-de-sifirlandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/?p=4924&lang=tr","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Akademik \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler de S\u0131f\u0131rland\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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T\u00fcrkiye, Akademik \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130ndeksi’nde 0,09 puanla akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u201ctamamen k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bazen \u00fcniversitelerin kendi i\u00e7 meselesiymi\u015f gibi alg\u0131lan\u0131yor. Oysa akademisyenlerin hangi konular\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi, hangi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yay\u0131mlayabilece\u011fi, \u00f6\u011frencilerin hangi fikirleri tart\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi ve \u00fcniversitelerin y\u00f6neticilerini ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bi\u00e7imde belirleyebilece\u011fi, bir toplumdaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerinden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc izleyen ve tehdit alt\u0131ndaki akademisyenleri destekleyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da kurulu\u015f bulunuyor. Bunlar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan biri Scholars at Risk (SAR), yani \u201cRisk Alt\u0131ndaki Akademisyenler\u201d a\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SAR (https:\/\/www.scholarsatrisk.org\/<\/a>), 50\u2019den fazla \u00fclkede 650\u2019den fazla y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu, kurulu\u015f ve destek\u00e7iyi kapsayan uluslararas\u0131 bir a\u011fd\u0131r. SAR\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kabaca \u00fc\u00e7 alanda toplanabilir: tehdit alt\u0131ndaki akademisyenlere g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ihlallerinin izlenmesi ve kamuoyuna duyurulmas\u0131 ve akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruyacak ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 politikalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ba\u015fka kurulu\u015flar da var. 1933’te Nazi Almanyas\u0131’ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan akademisyenlere yard\u0131m etmek amac\u0131yla kurulan Council for At-Risk Academics (Cara) (https:\/\/www.cara.ngo\/<\/a>) bug\u00fcn de tehdit alt\u0131ndaki akademisyenlerin ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Institute of International Education \u2013 Scholar Rescue Fund (IIE-SRF) (https:\/\/www.scholarrescuefund.org\/<\/a>) tehdit alt\u0131ndaki ve yerinden edilmi\u015f akademisyenlere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerindeki \u00fcniversitelerde burslu ge\u00e7ici akademik pozisyonlar sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Fransa’daki PAUSE program\u0131 (https:\/\/www.programmepause.fr<\/a>) ise s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki bilim insanlar\u0131 ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Frans\u0131z \u00fcniversiteleri ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmelerini destekliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almanya’daki Philipp Schwartz Initiative gibi benzer programlarla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, burada asl\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edebiliriz: akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi ve izlenmesi, ihlallerin belgelenmesi ve tehdit alt\u0131ndaki akademisyenlerin korunmas\u0131 (https:\/\/www.humboldt-foundation.de\/en\/apply\/sponsorship-programmes\/philipp-schwartz-initiative<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 da Academic Freedom Index (AFI) (https:\/\/academic-freedom-index.net\/<\/a>). Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg ve V-Dem Institute taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen AFI, 179 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgede akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn fiil\u00ee durumunu be\u015f temel boyutta de\u011ferlendiriyor: ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00f6\u011fretme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, akademik fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi ve bulgular\u0131 yayma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kurumsal \u00f6zerklik, kamp\u00fcs b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve akademik-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc. 2026 de\u011ferlendirmesi 2.357 \u00fclke uzman\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmelerine ve V-Dem’in istatistiksel modeline dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scholars at Risk, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde raporunu yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bu, SAR’\u0131n Academic Freedom Monitoring Project kapsam\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k raporlar\u0131n on ikincisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rapor 1 Temmuz 2025 ile 30 Haziran 2026 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemi inceliyor ve 59 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgede akademisyenlere, \u00f6\u011frencilere ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik 382 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 belgeliyor. SAR \u00f6zellikle 22 \u00fclkedeki geli\u015fmeleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buradaki \u201csald\u0131r\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca fiziksel \u015fiddet olarak anlamamak gerekiyor. SAR’\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re bu kategori; \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve fiziksel \u015fiddetin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tutuklama, hapis, seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131, akademik pozisyonun kaybedilmesi, \u00fcniversitelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya faaliyetlerinin engellenmesi ve \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fini zedeleyen bask\u0131 ve tehditleri de kaps\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rapora g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe y\u00f6nelik tehditler iki ana y\u00f6nde geli\u015fiyor. Birincisi daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olan do\u011frudan bask\u0131: akademisyenlerin veya \u00f6\u011frencilerin tutuklanmas\u0131, yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131, kaybedilmesi, \u015fiddete u\u011framas\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6sterilerinin polis veya asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci ve daha az g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olan mekanizma ise \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fine devletin m\u00fcdahalesi. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin m\u00fcfredat \u00fczerinde kontrol kurmas\u0131, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma konular\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmas\u0131, fonlar\u0131 siyasi veya ideolojik gerek\u00e7elerle kullanmas\u0131, \u00fcniversite y\u00f6netimlerine siyasi akt\u00f6rlerin atanmas\u0131 ve akademik kurumlar\u0131n kendi y\u00f6neticilerini, \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00fcndemlerini belirleme yetkisinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 raporun dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorunlar aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Free to Think 2026, Academic Freedom Index’in son verilerini kullanarak raporda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan 22 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgenin durumunu da de\u011ferlendiriyor. AFI’ye g\u00f6re bunlar\u0131n dokuzu akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en alt kategori olan \u201ccompletely restricted\u201d \u2014 \u201ctamamen k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f\u201d kategorisinde bulunuyor: Afganistan, \u00c7in, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki Filistin topraklar\u0131 (Gazze), \u0130ran, Rusya, T\u00fcrkiye, Suriye, Venezuela ve Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raporda T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2025 AFI puan\u0131 0,09 olarak veriliyor ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin d\u00fcnyadaki \u00fclkelerin en alt y\u00fczde 10’luk kesiminde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raporda, 1 Temmuz 2025’te kabul edilen d\u00fczenlemeyle Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131’na hem devlet hem de vak\u0131f \u00fcniversitelerinin rekt\u00f6rlerini atama yetkisi verilmesi \u00f6zellikle ele\u015ftiriliyor. SAR bunu \u00fcniversite y\u00f6netiminin akademik topluluk taraf\u0131ndan belirlenebilme kapasitesini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir geli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi de raporda \u00f6zel olarak yer al\u0131yor. 2021’de ba\u015flayan rekt\u00f6r atamas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri protestolar\u0131n be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131nda da devam etti\u011fi belirtiliyor. \u00d6\u011frenci g\u00f6sterilerindeki g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar ve baz\u0131 protestoculara uygulanan adli tedbirler de raporda \u00f6rnekler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raporda ayr\u0131ca akademisyen Emrah G\u00fclsunar’\u0131n, siyasal rejimler \u00fczerine sosyal medyadaki bir tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle 36 g\u00fcn cezaevinde kalmas\u0131, akademik ve siyasal ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SAR’a g\u00f6re \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve akademisyenlerin ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade edebilecekleri alan\u0131n daralmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck AFI kategorisinde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6zellikleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rapor,  Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri protestolar\u0131, akademik topluluklar\u0131n kurumsal \u00f6zerkli\u011fi savunmaya devam edebilece\u011finin \u00f6rneklerinden biri olarak g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer taraftan, Academic Freedom Index 2026’ya g\u00f6re son on y\u0131lda incelenen 179 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgenin 50’sinde akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 bi\u00e7imde gerilerken yaln\u0131zca dokuzunda iyile\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Free to Think 2026 da bask\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca otoriter y\u00f6netimlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle vurguluyor. Raporda ABD, Hindistan, S\u0131rbistan ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde m\u00fcfredat, ara\u015ft\u0131rma fonlar\u0131, \u00fcniversite y\u00f6netimleri ve akademik ifade \u00fczerinde farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde siyasi m\u00fcdahaleler tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. SAR’\u0131n temel mesajlar\u0131ndan biri de bu nedenle akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sorununun belirli bir co\u011frafyaya veya belirli bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine indirgenemeyece\u011fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletlere d\u00fc\u015fen ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revler aras\u0131nda akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131mak ve savunmak; tehdit alt\u0131ndaki akademisyen ve \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in destek mekanizmalar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak; akademik \u00e7evrelere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve faillerden hesap sormak bulunuyor. SAR ayr\u0131ca devletlerin \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermesini; \u00fcniversitelerin asker\u00eele\u015ftirilmesinden, g\u00f6zetlenmesinden, finansal bask\u0131dan, akademik personel ve \u00f6\u011frenci se\u00e7imlerine m\u00fcdahaleden ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma ya da \u00f6\u011fretimin i\u00e7eri\u011fini belirlemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor. Akademisyenlerin ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri nedeniyle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an yasalar\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi de \u00f6neriler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcniversitelere ise kurumsal \u00f6zerkli\u011fi aktif olarak savunma g\u00f6revi veriliyor. Akademik ve idari kararlar\u0131n siyasi veya mali bask\u0131 yerine akademik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere g\u00f6re al\u0131nmas\u0131, akademisyenlerin ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131, disiplin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde adil usullerin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve kamp\u00fcslerin fiziksel oldu\u011fu kadar dijital olarak da fikirlerin korkusuzca tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labildi\u011fi alanlar olarak korunmas\u0131 isteniyor. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcniversitelerin SAR, Cara, IIE-SRF, PAUSE ve Philipp Schwartz Initiative gibi programlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tehdit alt\u0131ndaki akademisyenlere ge\u00e7ici g\u00fcvenli akademik pozisyonlar sa\u011flamas\u0131 \u00f6neriliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sivil topluma ve kamuoyuna y\u00f6nelik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 ise dayan\u0131\u015fma a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, ihlaller hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilerin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck koalisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n desteklenmesi ve tehdit alt\u0131ndaki akademisyenlerin yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yaln\u0131zca akademisyenlerin kendi mesleklerini nas\u0131l yapt\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili de\u011fildir. \u00dcniversitelerin soru sorabilmesi, yerle\u015fik kabulleri tart\u0131\u015fabilmesi ve siyasi otorite d\u00e2hil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc ele\u015ftirel bi\u00e7imde inceleyebilmesi, bilimin ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin temel i\u015flevlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin bug\u00fcn Afganistan, \u00c7in, Gazze, \u0130ran, Rusya, Suriye, Venezuela ve Zimbabwe ile birlikte akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u201ctamamen k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u00fclkeler kategorisinde yer almas\u0131 bu nedenle yaln\u0131zca \u00fcniversitelerin de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumun \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi gereken bir g\u00f6stergedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye, Akademik \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0130ndeksi’nde 0,09 puanla akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u201ctamamen k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bazen \u00fcniversitelerin kendi i\u00e7 meselesiymi\u015f gibi alg\u0131lan\u0131yor. Oysa akademisyenlerin hangi konular\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4922,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guncel"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/academicsolidarity.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260926SAR_.png?fit=1121%2C673&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4924"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4930,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4924\/revisions\/4930"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/academicsolidarity.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}