Home Blog

US Restrictions Drive International Students to Europe

0

For many years, the US has been the most attractive educational destination for international students. However, the visa restrictions recently implemented by the Trump administration have begun to rapidly change this situation. It has been announced that student visas will no longer be granted for the duration of their programs, but for a maximum of four years. Furthermore, visas issued to exchange programs and members of the press will also be time-limited. Furthermore, the newly introduced “visa integrity fee” has increased application costs to as much as $442. These regulations have thrown uncertainty into the future of not only students but also universities. Leading institutions like Harvard have been accused of suspending international student admissions, putting thousands of applications at risk, shaking up the academic landscape in the US (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/aug/29/trump-immigration-visa-restrictions).

These tightening restrictions have caused significant losses in the US education sector and accelerated the flow of students to Europe. Germany, in particular, stands out with a nearly 20 percent increase in students from India and currently hosts more than 60,000 Indian students. Political stability, affordable costs, and post-graduation work opportunities are making Germany increasingly attractive. While applications to business schools like ESCP and HEC Paris are increasing in France, Germany and other European countries are also seeing significant interest from American students (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/study-abroad/germany-welcomes-more-from-india-while-student-arrivals-to-the-us-plunge-the-new-geography-of-indian-ambition/articleshow/123472306.cms).  

The European Union plans to capitalize on this trend. In Brussels, parliamentarians called for the further expansion of programs like Erasmus+ and Horizon Europe for international students disadvantaged by US policies. Thus, Europe could become a stronger alternative for international academic leadership in the long term (https://euobserver.com/eu-and-the-world/ar771dc3dc).  

The United States’ decline in its traditional appeal is reshaping not only students’ individual plans but also global academic balances. These developments signal that Europe could assume a central role in international student mobility.

Gaza: Today’s Leningrad

0

The ongoing blockade and attacks in Gaza have become one of the worst humanitarian disasters in modern history. The deprivation of 2.3 million people of food, medicine, fuel, and education is considered a serious violation of international law and the conscience of humanity.

Historical analogies further illustrate this picture. During the siege of Leningrad in World War II, hundreds of thousands of civilians lost their lives to starvation, cold, and bombardment. Jews were among the victims of that tragedy. Today, the fact that people who have historically endured similar oppression impose a similar siege on another ethnic and religious group, or remain silent in the face of it, is met with shock and profound sadness.

The United Nations and humanitarian organizations have repeatedly warned: Starvation in Gaza has become a systematic weapon. This situation contradicts the most fundamental principles of international law.

The blockade in Gaza directly targets not only the fundamental right to life but also the right to education. Universities are being bombed, libraries are being destroyed, and students are being forced to abandon their education. Thousands of university students and academics have either lost their lives directly or been forced into exile. This threatens the region’s academic future.

This is a test case for the global academic community. To end this persecution, we must speak out, establish solidarity networks, create scholarships and research opportunities for students and academics exiled from Gaza, international academic institutions (e.g., Scholars at Risk, Scholar Rescue Fund) must launch more visible support campaigns, and universities must stand with the victims instead of remaining neutral in humanitarian crises, adhering to the principle of “not remaining silent.”

After World War II, the phrase “never again” became a common mantra for humanity. However, the events in Gaza demonstrate that this promise has been forgotten. The Jewish people, who felt the pain of the siege of Leningrad most deeply, remain silent in the face of the persecution in Gaza today, a bitter irony of history.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/aug/22/famine-benjamin-netanyahu-palestine-gaza-israel-war-latest-updates

https://www.ft.com/content/90aaed53-027b-4eed-be93-89632f0d2ea5

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/weaponisation-food-gaza-constitutes-war-crime-un-rights-office-says-2025-06-24

Vaccination Opposition in the Context of Kennedy’s Vaccine Study Retraction Request

0

US Surgeon General Robert F. Kennedy Jr. made headlines with his July 2025 opinion piece requesting the retraction of a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. The study, based on an analysis of data from 1.2 million children, demonstrated that aluminum in vaccines was not linked to autoimmune, allergic, and neurodevelopmental diseases in children. Kennedy called the study a “propaganda stunt” (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/aug/14/robert-kennedy-jr-vaccine-study-retraction).

The journal’s editor, Dr. Christine Laine, rejected the retraction call and emphasized that there were no scientific irregularities in the study (https://www.thedailybeast.com/rfk-jr-slapped-down-by-medical-journal-over-vaccine-study-retraction-request/). The study’s lead author, Anders Peter Hviid, stated that most of the criticisms were reasonable methodological arguments. He explained that criticisms, such as the lack of a control group, were due to legal and ethical principles, not a lack of data due to Denmark’s high vaccination rates (https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/medical-journal-rejects-kennedys-call-for-retraction-vaccine-study-2025-08-11/).

To understand why anti-vaccine advocates (and groups perpetuating anti-science conspiracy narratives in general) persist with their claims despite such compelling scientific evidence, we’ve listed the dimensions of the phenomenon:

  1. Distrust and the Perception of “Big Pharma”
    • Anti-vaccine advocates, citing the multi-billion dollar size of the pharmaceutical industry (Big Pharma), claim that the “profit-driven system” prioritizes profit over health.
    • The global vaccine market exceeded approximately $70 billion in 2023; a massive market emerged after COVID-19. This figure easily provides fodder for conspiracy theories when there is a lack of transparency.
  2. Cultural and Political Identity
    • Anti-vaccine sentiment often becomes not just a scientific stance, but an identity and ideological stance. Opposition to authority, the claim to protect individual freedom, and distrust of government institutions fuel this identity.
    • Therefore, instead of being persuaded by scientific data, scientific evidence can be perceived as “manipulation” by authority.
  3. Cognitive Biases and Emotional Power
    • People can prioritize a single negative anecdote (e.g., “My child developed autism symptoms after being vaccinated”) over thousands of safety data points. This is known in psychology as availability bias.
    • Furthermore, fear, anxiety, and the feeling that “my child might be harmed” have a much stronger impact than abstract statistical data.
  4. Information Pollution and Social Media
    • Thanks to echo chambers on social media, misinformation is constantly repeated and perceived as “evidence.”
    • RFK Jr. Political figures like these use these echo chambers as political capital.
  5. Historical Factors
    • Pharmaceutical company scandals in the 1970s (e.g., the thalidomide incident) created a lasting distrust of the pharmaceutical industry.
    • Because most vaccines are administered under government mandate, the concept of “mandatory” triggers a backlash against authority.

In conclusion, the persistence of anti-vaccine sentiment is not solely due to a lack of scientific evidence. Economic size, historical distrust, ideological identity, emotional biases, and social media influence also need to be considered. The lack of transparency within the large vaccine industry further strengthens this foundation. While RFK Jr.’s harsh criticism of scientific studies on aluminum-containing vaccines has been dismissed as invalid by the credible scientific community due to its fundamental illogicalities, such initiatives contribute to the erosion of confidence in vaccines.

Even a Simple Problem Can Mislead AI

0

While artificial intelligence (AI)-powered language models (LLMs) are often praised for their ability to provide rapid and comprehensive medical knowledge, new research has revealed that these systems can make mistakes even with simple ethical questions. A joint study from Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Kibbutz Rabin Medical Center in Israel found that even the most advanced models, including ChatGPT, made biased or incorrect decisions in basic ethical scenarios (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/07/250723045711.htm). Inspired by Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast, and Slow (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinking,_Fast_and_Slow), the researchers slightly modified classic puzzles in medical ethics—such as the “surgeon’s son” paradox (https://www.apm.org.uk/blog/understanding-unconscious-bias-a-silver-bullet-for-equality/). For example, in a scenario where the father is a surgeon but his gender is not specified, the model was expected to assume the woman is the surgeon, but it sometimes made sexist assumptions. Such hasty and biased decisions were detected in 20–30% of the models.

This demonstrates that AI is not only a tool for imparting knowledge but also capable of actively intervening in the ethical process. However, this intervention carries the risk of misleading.

As Dr. Eyal Klang, one of the study’s authors, points out, healthcare decisions are delicate choices that can save or harm a patient’s life. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of AI systems requires human oversight, clear ethical boundaries, and an awareness of the risk of “fast but wrong” decisions.

While LLMs are powerful in transferring technical knowledge, they can be vulnerable in situations requiring ethical, cultural, or emotional complexity. The reliability of these systems should be questioned, especially in resource-constrained clinical settings or during times of crisis. Despite claims that AI can completely replace the human factor, it appears to fall short in crucial decision-making processes.

Immigrated Researchers from Turkey Shared their Experiences

0

Zoom – July 29, 2025: Akademische Solidarität e.V. hosted a virtual “Experience Sharing Meeting: Becoming Researcher/Lecturer at University” on the evening of July 29, 2025. The online event, which attracted around 80 participants via Zoom, featured four Turkish academics as guest speakers. Each shared their journey of building a new academic or research career abroad, offering insights into the challenges and strategies for continuing academic life in a foreign country. The speakers were:

  • Dr. Zekeriya Aktürk – a medical doctor and researcher,
  • Dr. Lokman Alpsoy – a researcher in chemistry and biology,
  • Dr. Sena Arslan – a specialist nurse, and
  • Dr. Burhan Cevik – an expert speaking on IT/software sector career pathways.

Below, we summarize each speaker’s background and key insights from their talks.

Dr. Zekeriya Aktürk: Reestablishing a Medical Research Career in Germany

Dr. Zekeriya Aktürk, one of Turkey’s first professors in family medicine, recounted how political turmoil disrupted his career and how he rebuilt it in Germany. In the aftermath of the July 2016 events in Turkey, Dr. Aktürk was dismissed from his university position by an emergency decree (KHK) despite an illustrious career as a medical academic. He described this period as a painful professional reset; at one point, he even faced a 14-month imprisonment for his alleged ties – an experience that forced him into an “exile” from Turkish academia (this context was alluded to in his remarks).

In 2020, at 55, Dr. Aktürk moved to Germany to start over. He was accepted as a researcher at the Institute of Family Medicine at Munich University (LMU) in 2020. He later joined the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Augsburg, where he now works as a scientific staff member in General Practice. Within a few years, he re-earned his medical specialist credentials in Germany, regaining the right to practice and even to open or lead a clinic. He noted with pride that “I showed that I attained my career through merit, not favoritism, by climbing the same ladder again 24 years later” – a pointed message toward those who had undermined his achievements in Turkey.

Dr. Aktürk’s story highlighted several key strategies for success abroad. First, he emphasized the crucial importance of language proficiency. He recalled his preparation for German medical qualification exams and said, “The key to practicing your profession abroad is learning the language”. He credited that he had learned German earlier in life, and even taught German courses while in Turkey, giving him a head start in integrating into the German system.

Dr. Aktürk underscored the value of leveraging one’s expertise to address global issues. He has turned his personal experience into a research focus: at University of Augsburg his interests include migration research, and he is actively studying the ongoing exodus of healthcare professionals from Turkey. During the meeting, he shared some broader context from his work: over 7,000 academics were purged from Turkish universities by emergency decrees after 2016, and in the last few years, more than 4,000 Turkish doctors have left the country for better opportunities abroad. These sobering statistics gave participants a sense of the scale of Turkey’s brain drain, while Dr. Aktürk’s journey provided a hopeful example of overcoming it. He stressed that adaptability, continuous learning, and maintaining professional confidence were vital. Despite starting from scratch in a new country, Dr. Aktürk managed to reclaim his status as a specialist physician and researcher, an achievement he hoped would inspire others facing similar obstacles.

Dr. Lokman Alpsoy: From a Closed University to Cutting-Edge Research in Europe

Dr. Lokman Alpsoy shared his journey from being a senior academic in Turkey to reinventing himself as a researcher in Germany. Before 2016, Dr. Alpsoy was the Dean of the Institute of Health Sciences and Head of the Biology Department at Fatih University in Istanbul. (Fatih University was a well-regarded private university until Erdogan shut it down in 2016.) The sudden closure of his university amid the post-2016 purges left Dr. Alpsoy, like thousands of other scholars, without an institution. He described the uncertainty and loss of identity of seeing an academic career in Turkey abruptly cut short.

Determined to continue his scientific work, Dr. Alpsoy sought opportunities abroad. He eventually moved to Germany and is now an Associate Professor and researcher at the University of Freiburg. At Freiburg’s Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), he leads a research project on innovative biomaterials – specifically, hydrogel-bead-based carriers for potential cancer research and diagnosis. This role allows him to apply his molecular biology and chemistry expertise to cutting-edge interdisciplinary research. Dr. Alpsoy noted that transitioning into a new research environment was challenging at first – he had to familiarize himself with new labs and funding systems – but his strong publication record and experience in Turkey helped him secure his position in Germany. He has published over 60 scientific papers and is cited nearly 1,600 times, reflecting his continued productivity in exile.

A significant theme of Dr. Alpsoy’s talk was the importance of professional networks and mentorship. He highlighted how joining support programs for displaced academics eased his integration. For example, he participated in a mentorship initiative through Academics at Risk e.V., a German-based solidarity organization for endangered scholars. Dr. Alpsoy warmly encouraged others to seek mentorship and community support, noting that “you are not alone – there are networks out there devoted to helping scientists like us continue our work in a free and safe environment”.

During the Q&A, Dr. Alpsoy also discussed the need to adapt one’s expertise to the host country’s priorities. In his case, he pivoted from teaching and administrative leadership in Turkey to focusing almost exclusively on research in Germany. “I went from being a dean to being a lab scientist again,” he said, smiling, emphasizing that no task is too humble when rebuilding a career. He advised fellow academics to be flexible: “Be ready to wear different hats. You might have been a professor or manager back home; you may start as a postdoc or technician abroad. Embrace it as a learning experience.”

Dr. Sena Arslan: Empowering Health Professionals Beyond Borders

Dr. Sena Arslan offered insights from the perspective of a health sciences researcher, particularly for non-physician health professionals looking to advance their careers internationally. Initially trained in Turkey, Dr. Arslan was involved in health research and education there – for instance, she contributed to studies on nursing and patient care in Turkish institutions in 2016. However, like many colleagues, her early career was disrupted by the instability in the Turkish higher education sector. Determined to continue her academic path, she relocated to the Netherlands to pursue further training and research.

Since 2018, Dr. Arslan has been a researcher in the Department of Public Health and Internal Medicine at Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands. She focuses on nursing education, patient self-management, and palliative care support. Her publications span issues like the effects of sleep deprivation on nurses’ heart health and the self-efficacy of nurse practitioners in supporting patients. Dr. Arslan’s success abroad is also a testament to international solidarity programs: she received support from the Scholar Rescue Fund (SRF), which helped fund her research and integrate her into the Dutch academic community. She explained that grants and fellowships aimed explicitly at at-risk scholars can provide a crucial bridge to opportunities in Europe.

In her presentation, Dr. Arslan addressed unique challenges faced by non-physician health professionals migrating abroad. Unlike physicians, whose qualifications often have clear paths to recognition, professionals like nurses, laboratory technicians, or public health experts may find their credentials less straightforward to transfer. She recounted how she had to not only learn a new language (Dutch) but also sometimes “re-prove” her expertise through additional certifications and a PhD program to gain equivalence in Europe. One key advice she gave was to pursue advanced degrees or specializations abroad as a gateway into the system. For example, enrolling in a master’s or PhD program can improve one’s qualifications and serve as a stepping stone to employment.

Dr. Arslan also highlighted the importance of soft skills and cultural adaptation. She noted that healthcare practices and workplace cultures can differ significantly between Turkey and Western Europe. For instance, nursing roles in the Netherlands are highly empowered in clinical decision-making, which requires her to adjust her approach and encourage Turkish-trained colleagues to gain these competencies. She stressed continuous professional development: “Be open to learning new protocols, new technologies, and even new ways of communicating with patients and colleagues,” she said. By doing so, non-physician professionals can excel and bring valuable perspectives from their home country.

Dr. Burhan Cevik – Integrating into Universities in Germany

After many years of working as a physics teacher, Dr. Burhan Cevik developed an interest in information technology and computer science later in his career. While still teaching physics, he completed his master’s and doctoral degrees in these fields. Before he was forced to leave Turkey, he had already started working in the field of software engineering at a university.

Dr. Cevik works in the fields of virtual reality environments, haptic interfaces, and robotic arms. Especially in Germany, due to the scarcity of scientists with expertise in all three areas, he received quick responses to his previous job applications. During his second application process, he signed a contract with the university he interviewed with.

Later, he began applying for positions on a project basis and, following his first contract, signed a second one. He is currently working on a project that he proposed himself, which has received approximately 1.6 million euros in funding. In this project, he collaborated with his university of applied sciences (Hochschule), two companies, and a university hospital.

Based on his experiences, he emphasized the importance of reviewing project calls announced across Germany or the European Union and generating innovative and original ideas in response to these calls. He also highlighted that summarizing these ideas in a short and clear text, sharing them with a professor in the relevant field at a university, and clearly expressing one’s motivation are highly effective steps in securing an academic position.

He noted that starting a position at a university also opens up teaching opportunities for academics. In this context, Dr. Cevik has taught Backend and Frontend courses to undergraduate students and is currently teaching the Haptic Interfaces course to graduate students.

Dr. Cevik advises fellow academics not to be shy and not to see the language barrier as an insurmountable wall. He encourages them to continue learning the language while simultaneously applying for academic positions, and not to lose motivation if they receive negative responses. He stated that if he had not taken this approach himself, he would not be in his current position today.

He also emphasized that receiving support from trusted colleagues who have already gone through similar experiences can be extremely helpful along the way.

“Despite its softness and fluidity, the main reason a drop of water can wear away marble is its continuous dripping on the same spot.”

From Purge to Renewal: Gold Will Not Tarnish in Exile

Since 2016, more than 7,000 academics have been dismissed from Turkish universities through emergency decrees, part of a broader political purge that has disrupted thousands of careers and lives. Despite this, the stories in the “Experience Sharing Meeting” reveal how many highly qualified individuals have successfully rebuilt academic lives across Europe. Drawing on their expertise, resilience, and adaptability, they have secured new roles in research and education, often contributing to their host countries while maintaining academic ties to Turkey. Their achievements highlight both the tragedy of the forced exodus and the potential for renewal when talent is supported by solidarity and opportunity.

Physicians Who Migrated from Turkey Discussed Professional Futures and Solidarity at the 4th Ärztekongress

0

The 4th Ärztekongress, organized by the Medical Academy and Care e.V. (MAC, https://medical-academy-care.de/) in Frankfurt on July 26–27, 2025, was attended by over 200 physicians who had migrated from Turkey. The event, themed “Medizin kennt keine Grenzen – Brücken bauen und Zukunft gemeinsam gestalten” (There are no borders in medicine – Building bridges and building the future together), explored numerous aspects of the professional journeys of immigrant physicians in Germany.

The two-day congress covered dozens of topics across eight modules. The first day focused on the physicians’ clinical experiences in Germany, the residency process, the approbation stages, academic career opportunities, freelance opportunities, and alternative employment opportunities. The second day focused on the role of artificial intelligence in medicine, basic information about the insurance system, professional integration processes, and ethical responsibility.

At the congress, Academic Solidarity e.V. board member Prof. Zekeriya Aktürk and the Academic Writing research group began collecting data for a study examining migration processes among participants using quantitative and qualitative methods. This group had previously published their migration-related research in various scientific journals (https://ijmshr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2024/IJMSHR_398.pdf, https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Zekeriya-Akt%C3%BCrk-ebook/dp/B0D8GM89R2, https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/111889/file/111889.pdf).

Participants also had the opportunity to network over breakfast and dinner. The conference hotel’s technical infrastructure and cultural offerings made the event a platform not only for academic but also for social solidarity. In the evening, a concert was presented under the direction of Ersin Kilic. Mr. Kilic, who works as a music and German teacher, has been volunteering for about six years in language training, particularly in preparing immigrant doctors for their specialist language exams. For this event, he assembled a band exclusively composed of immigrant volunteers, including three doctors. His 13-year-old daughter, Beyzanur, was also part of the group; she played both the bağlama (a traditional Turkish string instrument) and the bendir (a frame drum) (https://www.instagram.com/guel.zar).

Migration of Physicians from Turkey to Germany is No Longer Individual, but Massive

In recent years, the migration of physicians from Turkey to Germany has reached record levels. As of today, the “Doctors in Germany” Telegram group alone has 11,844 members. This number demonstrates that migration is no longer an individual choice, but a structural escape.

The economic crisis in Turkey, the increasing pressure on the healthcare system, and the burnout caused by political polarization are among the primary reasons behind this migration. According to data from the Turkish Medical Association, in 2023 alone, 2,685 physicians applied for a “Certificate of Good Conduct” to work abroad—up from just 59 in 2012 (https://www.ttb.org.tr/haber_goster.php?Guid=86cb0d7a-822c-11ee-bc4d-13da0eb35bac).

The “If They Go, Let Them Go” Mentality and the Numerical Reality of the Collapse

President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s statement downplaying the emigration of physicians in 2022, saying “If they go, let them go,” is seen by many physicians as a turning point. According to data from the Turkish Statistical Institute, the decline in doctors’ annual real income reached 30% in 2022. In an environment where inflation, even according to official figures, reaches 60%, physicians are caught between financial hardship and professional dissatisfaction (https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/secimden-sonra-yurtdisina-gitmek-icin-iyi-hal-belgesi-alan-doktor-sayisinda-rekor-2086732).

Furthermore, incompetence, increasing violence, and political pressures make practicing medicine in Turkey unsustainable. Many physicians emerging from this environment are heading to Germany, seeking not only a better life but also a more respected and ethically based professional life.

The Importance of the Congress: Knowledge Sharing, Morale, and Solidarity

The congress in Frankfurt was crucial not only for the transfer of knowledge but also for mentoring new physicians, networking, and collective morale building. The information provided was a vital guide, especially for physicians undergoing specialization or approbation. Such events, organized by MAC, not only contribute to the integration of immigrant doctors into the German healthcare system but also create a kind of professional resistance space against the socio-political collapse that Turkey is experiencing.

The Irony of the Nobel Peace Prize: Netanyahu’s Nomination for Trump

0

Donald Trump has been officially nominated for the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize. The nominator is a controversial leader: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. This news has generated both shock and anger in the global public. Trump’s past policies, which have polarized rather than brought peace, and Netanyahu’s status as a key figure in the ongoing war in Gaza have made this nomination a tragicomic irony.

Trump’s nomination overshadows figures like Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. Having led the war effort, organized the evacuation of millions of civilians, and ensured that refugees seeking refuge in Europe were cared for, Zelensky is widely viewed as a more likely candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize. His resilience, solidarity, and role in international diplomacy during the war in Ukraine have transformed him into a symbolic figure fighting for peace. However, another name that has been prominent in the nomination process is Francesca Albanese, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Palestine. Her reporting and diplomatic efforts highlighting human rights violations in Gaza have established her as a prominent advocate for peace within the context of civil rights and international law. Albanese’s work reminds us of the responsibility not only of the parties to the conflict but also of the international community.

And of course, there’s another group that shouldn’t be forgotten: those who risk their lives helping people in Gaza. The healthcare workers who remained on duty while hospitals were being bombed, rescuing children from the rubble and treating them, are pioneers of humanitarian aid and peace in its purest form.

The Nobel Peace Prize was established in 1895 by the will of Swedish chemist and industrialist Alfred Nobel. Nobel had amassed a vast fortune as the inventor of dynamite, but the use of this invention for destruction troubled him. In his will, he requested the establishment of a series of awards to be awarded annually to individuals who have contributed most to humanity. In this context, the Nobel Peace Prize recognizes individuals and organizations that contribute to preventing or reducing wars. It was first awarded in 1901.

When it turns to figures associated with war, oppression, and discrimination, the very meaning of the Peace Prize becomes questionable. Donald Trump’s Nobel nomination raises the question of whether this prestigious award has been sacrificed to political instrumentalization. Furthermore, the fact that the proposal came from Netanyahu himself raises the suspicion that this move is more of a propaganda tool than a message of peace.

The Nobel Committee’s decision will not only honor one individual; it will also send a powerful message to the world about what peace is and who represents it. The only way to remain true to the spirit of the Nobel is to reward figures who genuinely strive to establish peace, defend human rights, and stand for solidarity, not war.

The 9th anniversary of July 15th has arrived, but the Turkish people have yet to say, “Never again!”

0

Nine years have passed since the July 15th coup attempt. Following this event, which Erdoğan described as a “blessing from God,” the state of emergency declared in Turkey and the subsequent statutory decrees resulted in the dismissal or expulsion of approximately 200,000 public personnel. Millions of students and citizens were among the victims. The repercussions of these operations in the academic world were even more profound.

Between 2016 and 2018, over 8,000 academics were dismissed from their positions at public universities, representing approximately 5.7% of all professors. There was a noticeable decline in the quality of academic work; the number of publications decreased by 20-30%, and many theses were canceled.

The academic world suffered not only individual but also collective devastation with the statutory decrees:

  • 6,081 academics were dismissed by the Council of Higher Education.
  • Most of the 2,212 signatories of the Academics for Peace petition were subjected to investigation during the state of emergency.
  • 1,577 deans were forced to resign, and numerous faculty and administrative staff faced disciplinary investigations.
  • Suicides were reported among academics dismissed from public service.
  • Nearly half of the dismissed peace academics are experiencing financial difficulties, and one in ten lacks health insurance.

“Never Again!”

The phrase “Never again!” is a warning etched in the collective memory throughout history following totalitarian regimes and mass human rights violations. This phrase is particularly remembered in Germany after Nazi Germany with the slogan “Nie wieder!”: never again should state-sanctioned injustices, the silencing of academia, and the suppression of freedom of thought be tolerated. However, in the nine years since July 15th, Turkey has failed to internalize this call. Instead of saying “never again,” we are living through a period in which social and academic memory is systematically suppressed, critical voices are neutralized, and alternative views are criminalized.

Academia is the intellectual conscience and compass of a society. However, in Turkey, this compass has been seriously distorted. Academic freedoms have become fragile, scientific production has lost momentum, and international collaborations have weakened. Victims of statutory decrees still cannot access their rights of defense and are prevented from returning to scientific work. Many academics, isolated from their colleagues abroad, have been condemned to loneliness and poverty. This process has led not only to individual but also to a collective loss of memory.

To reverse this situation, a renewed embrace of the law, human rights, and scientific ethical principles is necessary. Turkey’s academic future can only blossom in an environment where freedom of expression is guaranteed, merit is prioritized, and critical thinking is not punished. Mending bridges built through international academic networks, strengthening the culture of academic solidarity, and confronting past grievances will form the cornerstones of this rebuilding.

On this anniversary, Turkey must not only reckon with the past but also demonstrate its resolve for a more just, free, and productive future. It’s not too late to say “never again”—but time is rapidly running out.

Access to Knowledge or Copyright Violation? The Global Science War Over Sci-Hub and LibGen

0

Access to scientific articles and books continues to be a luxury for millions of students, researchers and independent scholars around the world. The high-fee subscription systems of major publishing houses such as Elsevier, Wiley and Springer greatly limit scientific production and education, especially in developing countries. Born in this environment, “illegal open access” platforms such as Sci-Hub and Library Genesis (LibGen) have become symbols of free access to information, while at the same time sitting at the center of the copyright debate.

Sci-Hub (https://sci-hub.se or alternative mirrors): Founded in 2011 by Kazakh software developer and neuroscientist Alexandra Elbakyan. Offers free access to academic articles.

LibGen / BookSC: An open access repository offering a wide range of PDF files, from scientific books to textbooks. Users often choose these portals to access academic publications without paying a fee.

These sites have been closed down or blocked by court orders many times. But they have managed to keep coming back with new domains. Sci-Hub’s servers have moved to countries like Russia, the Netherlands, Sweden, and most recently Ecuador. LibGen’s mirrors are still accessible on the Tor network or alternative domains.

US publishers have filed multi-billion dollar lawsuits against Sci-Hub. In 2017, Elsevier won a lawsuit against Sci-Hub, receiving $15 million in damages. However, the site has continued to operate.

Piracy or Academic Solidarity?

These platforms are clearly violating copyright laws. But their supporters defend this violation as an ethical challenge. Here are some common justifications:

  1. Publicly Funded Information Should Be Public: “Why should tax-funded research require payment again?”
  2. A Lifeline for Developing Countries: Sci-Hub can be the only source for individuals without institutional access.
  3. Publishers’ Excessive Profit Margins: It is unfair that scientists make huge profits from content that is written and reviewed for free.

On the other hand, many academics and publisher representatives argue that copyright violations harm the scientific ecosystem and undermine quality publishing.

In 2021, the journal Science reported that more than 70% of the 28 million download requests made to Sci-Hub came from countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Brazil, Egypt, and Turkey (https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi%3A10.5061/dryad.q447c).

According to Nature’s 2016 analysis, 25% of Sci-Hub users come from universities with institutional access, suggesting that speed, not access, is also a motivation (https://www.nature.com/nature-index/news/early-career-researchers-herald-change).

In many countries, open access platforms (arXiv, PubMed Central, DOAJ) are supported, but many current publications are still behind paywalls. Initiatives such as Plan S are trying to force publicly funded research into open access.

In Turkey, despite steps such as the National Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education, access to scientific publications is still limited. This increases the need for resources such as Sci-Hub.

Sci-Hub and LibGen are symptoms of a much deeper problem beyond copyright laws: If there is no fair access to information, then science is not equal. These platforms are not legal, but their existence raises an ethical question: Whose right is information?

The Quiet Revolution in Access to Information: African Universities Embrace Open Science

0

Scientific information, which is still accessed through high subscription fees in many parts of the world, is being democratized by some universities in Africa in line with the principles of “open access.” Pioneering institutions in countries such as South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal are developing a new understanding of academic publishing against traditional publishing monopolies. This development concerns not only the African continent, but all countries where access to information is limited.

The system created by large publishers such as Elsevier, Springer Nature, and Wiley often makes access to research outputs difficult even for university budgets. Researchers pay a fee to publish their articles and then have to pay again to access these contents.

Some universities and research organizations in Africa that have stepped outside this structure have adopted open access policies, setting an example for both their students and the global academy.

Pioneering Institutions and Initiatives

  • University of Cape Town (South Africa): In 2023, it developed a policy encouraging academic staff to publish their publications in open access journals. The university has made hundreds of master’s and doctoral theses publicly available through its open access repository called OpenUCT (https://open.uct.ac.za/).
  • University of Nairobi (Kenya): It has made thousands of academic publications open access through the UoN Digital Repository (https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/), which has been active since 2021. The institution has also managed to reduce spending on publishers such as Elsevier and Springer by 40%.
  • SPARC Africa (https://sparcopen.org/): This network, which supports open access movements in Africa, supports the development of open science policies together with SPARC Global. Many universities from countries such as Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda are part of the network.
  • UNESCO Open Science Recommendation (2021): Many countries in Africa have become party to this global document and have begun to develop open science policies at the national level. In this context, it is aimed to make scientific data and publications as accessible as possible (https://www.unesco.org/en/open-science).

Many academics in developing countries cannot even access the literature that will form the basis of their research. While this situation increases scientific inequality, the experience of universities working with open access models provides an important source of inspiration.

Although some steps have been taken in Turkey in recent years through the National Thesis Center and institutional open access archives within the Council of Higher Education, there are still serious restrictions on access to international publications. Examples from Africa show that more courageous and systematic steps can be taken in this area.

One of the most striking initiatives developed against profit-oriented publishing giants is “Plan S” (https://www.coalition-s.org/). This plan, supported by funders in Europe, aims to make it mandatory for all research supported by public funds to be published open access. Some countries in Africa have declared their support for this initiative.

In addition, open access platforms such as the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ, https://doaj.org/) and AfricArXiv (https://info.africarxiv.org/) play a major role in bringing academic production from Africa to the international arena.

The idea that access to scientific knowledge should be a global right is taking shape in Africa with a rising academic movement. This movement is not only contributing to the development of the continent, but also showing that alternatives to the exploitative system in publishing are possible.

Breaking out of knowledge monopolies is not only the responsibility and interest of Africa, but of all developing countries.